From inflation to exchange rate targeting: Estimating the stabilization effects for a small open economy

This paper attempts to estimate possible losses in macroeconomic stabilization due to a move from inflation to exchange rate targeting on the example of the Czech Republic. The authors use an estimated New Keynesian policy model, typical inflation and exchange rate targeting rules, and representative central bank loss functions to carry out these estimations. The authors find that for the Czech Republic, moving from the historically applied inflation targeting to optimized exchange rate targeting should not involve any significant losses in macroeconomic stabilization. However, the Czech National Bank could improve its stabilization outcomes while remaining an inflation targeter. This requires the Czech National Bank to respond more strongly to increasing expected future inflation and to be less concerned about an opening output gap when adjusting its policy rate. Moving then from such optimized inflation targeting to optimized exchange rate targeting can result in significant losses in economic stabilization in the magnitude of 0.4–2% points of GDP growth.     

论校园文化建设之制度建设

校园文化建设是学校对学生进行良好教育的主要方式。校园文化的制度建设应坚持文化的正确方向,加强校园文化制度建设的目的性及认识建设中教师队伍建设的重要作用。校园文化制度建设要有创新,做到与时俱进。     

基于层级结构的税收筹划思考

伴随着经济全球化的发展,避税问题愈演愈烈,尤其是国际间的避税问题已成为各国关注的焦点。合理的税收筹划能为企业带来更好的避税效果。本文基于跨国公司层级结构的设置,研究公司层级结构的税收筹划问题。     

Managerial ability and bank‐loan pricing

This paper examines the impact of borrowers’ managerial ability on lenders’ bank‐loan pricing and the channels through which managerial ability affects bank‐loan pricing. Using a large sample of US bank loans, we provide evidence that higher managerial ability is associated with lower bank‐loan prices. This effect is stronger in firms with high information risk, suggesting that an important channel for managerial ability to affect bank‐loan pricing is through improved financial disclosure to mitigate information asymmetry. The relationship is also stronger for firms with weak business fundamentals, implying that another channel is through improved business performance. Of these two mechanisms, path analysis suggests that the business‐fundamentals mechanism is the more important channel through which managerial ability affects bank‐loan pricing.     

Transfer Pricing and Ownership Structure

We study the performance of jointly owned production units where upstream firms sell inputs to a downstream final market producer. It is found that, compared to integrated firms, co-ownership leads to overinvoicing of input prices (transfer prices), resulting in lower aggregate profits. Tax and tariff policy may lessen the organizational inefficiencies of jointly owned firms. The analysis suggests that firms must have other reasons for forming jointly owned production units than those guided by production efficiency and benefits from delegation of decision-making.
JEL classification: F 23; L 23     

Optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with endogenous growth

We study optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian (NK) model with endogenous growth and knowledge spillovers external to each firm. We find that, in contrast with the standard NK model, the Ramsey dynamics implies deviation from full inflation targeting in response to technology and government spending shocks, while the optimal operational rule is backward looking and responds to inflation and output deviations from their long-run levels.     

RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY PRICES IN A SUBMARKET OF SOUTH AFRICA: SEPARATING REAL RETURNS FROM ATTRIBUTE GROWTH

The South African residential housing market experienced high growth in the previous decade, in line with international trends. Traditional methods of documenting this trajectory use the average prices of only properties that are sold in given periods and regions. A critical assumption of these approaches is that houses remain homogenous across time and space. This paper constructs a micro‐level hedonic price index to account for changing attributes of heterogenous houses. It illustrates that returns may have been overstated, and that much of the growth recorded in this market is driven by attribute inflation, particularly in the high price segment.     

A Martingale Characterization of Consumption Choices and Hedging Costs with Margin Requirements

This paper examines optimal consumption and investment choices and the cost of hedging contingent claims in the presence of margin requirements or, more generally, of nonlinear wealth dynamics and constraints on the portfolio policies. Existence of optimal policies is established using martingale and duality techniques under general assumptions on the securities' price process and the investor's preferences. As an illustration, explicit solutions are provided for an agent with ‘logarithmic’ utility. A PDE characterization of the cost of hedging a nonnegative path‐independent European contingent claim is also provided.     

Laguerre Series for Asian and Other Options

This paper has four goals: (a) relate ladder height distributions to option values; (b) show how Laguerre expansions may be used in the computation of densities, distribution functions, and option prices; (c) derive some new results on the integral of geometric Brownian motion over a finite interval; and (d) apply the preceding results to the determination of the distribution of the integral of geometric Brownian motion and the computation of Asian option values. The usual fixed‐strike options on the average are treated, as well as options with payoffs expressed in terms of one over the average of the underlying security, which this author calls “reciprocal Asian options.” In all cases the underlying asset is represented by geometric Brownian motion, the averages are performed continuously, and the options are of European type.     

建筑工程中“工程量清单”计价法浅议

工程量清单计价方法相对于传统的定额计价方法是一种新的计价模式,是一种市场的定价模式,是由建设产品的买方和卖方在建设市场上根据供求情况、信息情况进行自由竞价,从而能够确定合同价格的方法。推行工程量清单计价方法是工程造价计价方法改革的一项具体措施,也是我国加入WTO与国际工程管理接轨的必然要求。