浅谈施工企业的项目成本控制

本文通过对施工企业项目成本控制的内容和特点、意义和目的及项目成本控制原则的论述,指出了施工企业项目成本控制中目前存在的主要问题,并对解决这些问题进行了粗浅的探讨。     

The influence of entrepreneur’s personal characteristics on MSEs growth through innovation

Research in the separate areas of innovation and growth has considerably intensified in recent years. However, little scholarly attention has been paid to the entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics that might explain the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) through innovation. This study examines the key entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics affecting micro and small enterprises (MSEs) upgrading, defined here as substantial growth through innovation. Six major determining types of entrepreneurs’ characteristics were identified from the innovation and the growth literature: education, work experience, gender, motivations, nationality and age. The empirical results which are based on t-tests of the differences between upgraders and non-upgraders, the linear probability model and the logit model, all suggest that work experience and motivations are cornerstones in the likelihood that an MSE will upgrade. The policy implications of this study on promoting MSEs upgrading are also discussed.     

Managerial mindset as the mechanism of the country-of-origin effect: evidence from Chinese multinational enterprises’ approach to employer associations

The country-of-origin effect (COE) on employment practices in multinational enterprises (MNEs) has become an important area of international human resource management research. However, research on the mechanisms of the COE, a fundamental and critical aspect of the country-of-origin phenomenon, is scant. This study seeks to empirically explore the mechanisms through which country-of-origin influences Chinese MNEs’ approach to host-country employer associations. Analysis of qualitative data from 13 Chinese MNEs revealed that country of origin affected the approach of Chinese MNEs to host-country employer associations in the form of transfer of managerial norms. It also revealed that it was the mindset of those home-country nationals who were key decision-makers at subsidiaries that enabled the COE in Chinese MNEs. This paper highlights the importance for future studies of international strategic human resources management to pay attention to micro-foundations of cross-border practice transfer and to incorporate analyses of managerial cognition in the investigation of MNEs’ management practices.     

Local fiscal distress and investment efficiency of local SOEs

In this paper, we use A-share listed firms between 2002 and 2010 to investigate the relationship between local fiscal distress and the investment efficiency of local SOEs, along with the effect of corporate tax payments on this relationship. We find a positive relationship between the extent of local SOEs' overinvestment and the fiscal distress of the corresponding local government where the enterprise and this relationship become stronger for firms that pay fewer taxes. The pattern of underinvestment among local SOEs was in contrast,and these relationships do not exist for non-SOEs or central SOEs. Moreover,we find that expanding a firm's investment scale leads to an increase in total taxes paid, including income and turnover taxes, which further result in more local fiscal revenue. Overall, we conclude that local governments have an incentive to increase fiscal revenue when faced with fiscal distress by raising the investment scale of local SOEs and that the incentives and effects of such interventions appear to be stronger among firms that contribute less to local fiscal revenue.ó 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China Journal of Accounting Research. Founded by Sun Yat-sen University and City University of Hong Kong.     

宁波中小企业融资模式与对策思考

宁波中小企业具有集群化、块状化、市场化以及劳动密集等特点,提供的就业岗位占全市从业人员总量的70%以上,针对中小企业融资难的问题,近年宁波创新了城乡小额贷款保证保险、银企合作、银行专营服务、金融租赁、融资洽谈会等六种融资模式,今后解决融资难问题,关键是抓好善用民间资金、善用征信体系、善于科技创新、善于提升管理、善于金融创新。     

国际金融危机下完善中小企业税收优惠制度的法律思考

税收优惠是国家在税收方面给予纳税人和征税对象的各种优待的总称。在中国,99%的企业是中小企业。长期以来我国都有关于中小企业税收优惠的规定,从而促进了中小企业的快速发展。此次国际金融危机使我国中小企业的发展面临严峻挑战,保护中小企业迫切需要税收优惠政策的支持。完善中小企业税收优惠制度,对于帮助中小企业顺利度过难关,促进国民经济发展,维护社会稳定均有重大意义。本文通过借鉴当前金融危机形势下各国关于中小企业税收优惠制度的调整经验,对我国现存相关立法进行了全面剖析,并就完善该项制度提出几点建议。     

增值税转型对我国微观经济的影响

增值税的全面转型是振兴经济的一大利好消息，力度大、范围广，对企业来说，不仅能够直接减轻税收负担，改善生存环境，更能够增加流动资金，扩大企业固定资产投资需求，因而有利于促进企业的设备更新改造和高新技术企业的发展，促进利润的提升和产业升级。在这种经济背景下，文章论述了增值税转型后给企业带来的一系列影响以及应采取的相应对策。     

中国物流企业运输成本控制浅析

运输是物流体系的核心部分,运输的合理化对物流起着至关重要的作用。如何能够有效降低企业运输成本,增强企业的竞争力,这需要从当代物流发展的实际状况出发,分析影响运输成本的因素,从而采取有效措施来合理组织运输,进而实现降低运输成本,提高物流效益的目的。     

我国国有企业民营化发行后绩效变化的影响因素分析

笔者研究了我国国有企业民营化发行前后的绩效分布和变化特征,并重点从宏观层面和微观层面分析了绩效变化的影响因素。研究表明,经济增长率、资本市场成熟度、机构投资者、集权式管理、股权再融资和独立审计选择能够促进民营化发行后绩效水平的改善,市场竞争度、大股东控制度、中央控制、股权制衡度和关联交易对民营化发行后的绩效具有显著负相关影响,而行业管制、投资者保护度、地区市场化和对外担保对民营化发行后绩效的影响效应不明显。可见,影响国有企业民营化发行后绩效变化的原因来自宏观和微观两个方面,忽视任何方面都不能全面地解释民营化绩效的变化。     

论公用企业反垄断的法律机制

公用企业的自然垄断性已大大减弱，市场机制发挥作用的领域正逐渐扩大。为了适应公用企业发展的这种需求，各国通过废除公用企业特权和专有权、限定基本经济利益等手段，放松了对这些行业的管制，实现了价格形成机制的市场化以及产品销售的市场化。我国要打破公用企业的垄断局面，就应完善部门法的规定，建立有效竞争机制，为反垄断法在公用企业领域的适用提供必要的体制支持。