转轨时期我国小农经济改造思想演变与争议

改造小农经济是转轨时期社会主义建设的最艰巨的任务之一。本从家庭经营、规模经营、农业产业化、农村剩余劳动力、农地制度创新等5个方面总结了理论界对小农经济改造的争议与研究，并认为改造小农经济应以邓小平“两个飞跃”理论作为理论基础。     

改善劳动力市场管制的几个问题探讨

对劳动力市场的管制是政府监管市场的一个重要方面。本文通过对目前我国劳动力市场建设及运行、管制中存在的主要问题的分析,探讨了放松对劳动力市场的管制及管制的着力点。笔者认为,政府放松对劳动力市场管制是劳动力市场运行规律及WTO规则的要求,而管制的着力点应主要放在强化制度供给、弥补市场失灵、保护劳动者的合法权益等方面。     

二元经济理论模型评述

大多数经济学家认为,发展中国家的经济结构具有二元的性质,即现代城市部门与传统乡村农业部门并存,并据此形成了二元经济结构发展模型,以解释经济发展过程中的城乡工农关系以及二元经济向一元经济的转换。文章对四个主要的二元经济模型进行了综述,并深入探讨了模型所体现的经济思想和政策含义,以期为解决中国实际问题提供新的思路。     

Hypocrisy pay

Emotional labor—putting on an act asrequired explicitly orimplicitly in work situations-is very often psychologically, emotionally, and mentally damaging to most employees. As for soldiers in wartime who receive combat pay, it is suggested that such employees be specially compensated for their emotional labor with hypocrisy pay. Another solution is to select only those who are immune to such stress for jobs involving emotional labor—an ideal that probably cannot be achieved in all cases. Another assessment is that such special compensation is unwarranted.     

New Technology in Unionized Firms: Advantages of Mandatory Bargaining

U.S. Labor Law currently allows employers whose work forces are unionized to introduce new technologies without bargaining over the decision to do so. This forces unions to adopt inefficient strategies when negotiating collective bargaining agreements in an effort to minimize the impact of technological change on their members. Allowing unions to bargain over the decision to introduce new technologies would obviate their having to resort to these inefficient strategies. In addition, it might increase the likelihood of employees suggesting alterations in production processes that would increase the rate of technological change. For these reasons, this article advocates amending U.S. labor law to require employers to bargain over the introduction of new technologies.     

关于分配的若干有争议问题的看法

在研究我国现阶段分配问题时应该重视研究劳动所得,不应把重点放在非劳动收入上,劳动所得可以通过按劳分配获得,也可以通过按要素分配获得。生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则不等于按生产要素分配,生产要素按贡献参与分配原则中的“贡献”是指对使用价值生产的贡献,不能用分配工作的具体形式的某些共同性模糊不同分配方式的根本区别。     

北京市各区县劳动力产业分布比较优势统计分析

北京市各区县劳动力总量分布的产业差别是明显的,其分布是有规律可循的.因此,对于北京市各区县功能区的划分可以站在劳动力产业分布比较优势的角度,采用统计分析的方法,深入分析北京市已经形成的劳动力产业分布规律,从而为城市功能区的划分提供劳动力布局的依据.     

Poverty Traps, Indeterminacy, and the Wealth Distribution

We consider a one-sector growth model in continuous time with a production externality and endogenous labor supply. There is a continuum of households who have identical preferences but differ with respect to their initial wealth. We show that there exist economies such that an indeterminate steady state exists for some wealth distribution but not for others. A second result is that a redistribution of wealth may drive the economy from a steady state with strictly positive output to a poverty trap in which output converges asymptotically to zero. These results indicate that differences in the wealth distribution may be responsible for drastic differences in the long-run standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D31, D50, O41.     

Have Employment Relationships in the United States Become Less Stable?

There has been considerable debate as to whether job stability has declined in the United States. This paper uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine the incidence of labor market turnover between 1986 and 1993. Specifically, we calculate one- and two-year separation rates and then analyze turnover by the source of separation. We find that the incidence of job separations did not increase over the period under investigation, but appears to have declined somewhat. When analyzing separations by reason, conditional on separating from an employer, we find little evidence of temporal changes in the composition of turnover that would indicate greater employment instability. Therefore, we do not find conclusive evidence that employment relationships have become more unstable in the recent past.      

生产劳动力的劳动时间的探讨

传统经济学的劳动力价值理论只有生产劳动力的生产费用(物化劳动),没有生产劳动力的劳动时间(活劳动)的耗费。劳动力的生产也有劳动时间的耗费。劳动力的自然再生产时间不形成劳动力的价值,劳动力的社会再生产时间、即学习劳动的时间形成劳动力的价值。劳动力价值包括两个部分:一是生产劳动力的物化劳动,如生活费用和学习费用等;二是生产劳动力的活劳动即学习劳动。