基于行人动力学的综合客运枢纽运行效率评价模型

提出一种基于行人动力学的综合客运枢纽运行效率评价模型。在综合客运枢纽运行效率的定义基础上,以行人动力学思想对枢纽内部旅客密度及运行速度进行评价。结果表明,该方法可通过测量旅客前进线密度和左右线密度对枢纽运行效率进行计算,运行效率与走行长度呈反比例关系。     

Anticipated Environmental Policy and Transitional Dynamics in an Endogenous Growth Model

This paper makes a new attempt toinvestigate how an anticipatedenvironmental policy governs the transitionaldynamics of an economy when pollutionexternality is taken into account. Themodeling strategy we use is an AK technologyendogenous growth framework with an endogenousleisure-labor choice. It is found that, unlikeinelastic labor supply framework, a rise inpublic abatement expenditure will stimulate thebalanced economic growth rate. It is alsofound that public abatement technology plays animportant role in determining the transitionaladjustment of the economic growth rate inresponse to a pre-announced environmentalpolicy.     

Transfer payments from the central government to the local governments and the local governments' efforts on taxation: taking China as an example

The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments' efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments'payments, this paper indicates that the local governments'efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods. It increases with the increase of the elasticityλ.Judge the degree of the local government's efforts on taxation by measureλ. After an empirical analysis on the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments from 2000 to 2004, thins paper gets the conclusion that the local governments'efforts on taxation abates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local willing public payments. Under specific circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is, the smaller the local governments' efforts on taxation is under the central payments, whereas the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the eentral payments. Based on this. this paper gives the meanmg of its corresponding policies.     

地方政府公共文化支出效率及影响因素——基于广东21个地级市的实证分析

在DEA-Tobit两阶段分析框架下,使用2000～2009年广东21个地级市的面板数据,研究了广东地方政府公共文化支出效率。通过数据包络分析方法(DEA)评价各地方政府公共文化支出的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模技术效率,利用受限因变量Tobit模型对效率评价结果与其影响因素之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,广东地方政府的公共文化支出效率存在显著的差异,而造成这种效率差异的重要原因主要包括财政分权和文化政策等政策变量、人均GDP、人口密度和居民受教育水平等经济及社会因素。     

State-owned enterprises going public The case of China

Public listing is a key reform measure for large state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in China. We find evidence that public listing lowers state ownership significantly, lessens firms’ reliance on debt finance, and allows firms to increase capital expenditure, at least temporarily. We also find that ownership structure affects post‐listing performance. However, we find no statistical evidence of a positive effect of public listing on firms’ profitability. We suggest alternative interpretations of the last finding.     

公租房租金分析

公租房租金标准的核定体现了其住房保障性质,并影响保障效果。成本法与社会平均负担法是两种不同的租金核定办法,并有不同效果。通过对比,后者更有助于达到保障目标,并能通过租金标准的动态调整实现与其他保障方式的对接。无论如何核定,都需要政府强大的执行力来支持。     

政府公共投资的经济效应分析

关于政府公共投资的经济效应,学术界有颇多争论,虽然一系列研究成果发现公共资本与经济增长正相关,但也有一些学者通过研究得出了截然相反的结论。文章运用经济增长理论分析政府公共投资的经济效应,并以中国相关数据为样本进行实证检验,实证检验得出结果:公共投资与产出正相关。在此基础上,文章根据我国目前所处的经济发展阶段,运用计量经济模型,估计出我国当前政府公共投资的最优规模,即公共投资占GDP的合理比重为4.5%,公共投资占财政总支出的合理比重为22%左右。     

公共危机中的政府协作治理能力——中国省级新冠肺炎疫情防控的文本分析

协作治理,是应对公共危机形成的一种新的治理形式。本文使用文本分析法考察了2020年2月末各省区市政府在本次疫情应对政策中协作治理能力的四种关键机制：促进式顶层领导、开放式参与路径、明确的协作职责、透明信息披露的运用情形及运用效果。研究结果显示,30个省区市都在运用协作治理机制抗击疫情、恢复经济。四种机制的运用存在差异,整体上沿海地区运用协作治理机制更充分。进一步的分析显示政府协作治理机制的运用显著促进了各省份疫情中第三产业的经济恢复水平,原因在于其改善了省级层面经济恢复的市场环境。本文的研究结论表明,强大的政府协作治理机制有助于社会快速有效应对公共危机,也是优化市场环境的政府治理新途径。本文为政府协作治理的机制构成与实际效果提供了重要补充,在公共危机应对的背景下发展了政府治理的理论内容,为公共危机情境下政府职能转变思路提供了参考。     

我国公共财政制度的完善

消费与投资增长不协调是我国当前宏观经济中的重要问题,这个问题已成为我国经济社会协调发展的严重障碍,公共财政制度不完善是这一问题产生的财政体制根源。所以, 加快公共财政体制建设就成了解决这一问题的根本途径。就我国当前来说,公共财政应该加大对义务教育、公共卫生、社会保障、"三农"问题、收入分配和就业问题的支持力度和调控力度。     

公共财政框架下的农村养老保险制度建设研究

农村养老保险规定和完善着公共财政的职能范围;公共财政是农村养老保险的制度依托和物质基础,财政主体的权力结构、制度的包容性、法制化决定着养老保险制度的可持续性发展。我国要实现公共财政与农村养老保险之间的制度性耦合,需要根据农村养老保险的产品属性清晰界定公共财政的职责权限,规范公共财政各主体之间的权力资源配置,吸纳多元主体,共同参与农村养老保险事业的建设。