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171.
《Applied economics》2012,44(24):3101-3119
A fixed price policy regardless of expiration date may result in unsold inventory and sales loss. Price reduction over time as the expiration date approaches motivates customers to purchase all items, including the ones that are left with only a short interval until their expiration. We conduct a discrete event simulation that captures the main characteristics of this phenomenon. Results show that a moderate differentiation of price increases profits by 6%, a larger differentiation reduces profits. Profits are the highest for freshness-oriented customers. A fixed price policy is preferred in an environment of large variance and expected near term expirations.  相似文献   
172.
Editorial     
Abstract

In this editorial we summarize and comment on papers published in issue 7.1. This is a themed issue, with four of the papers being originally presented at the 9th International Workshop in Spatial Statistics and Econometrics held at the University of Orléans, France. This was organized by Cem Ertur, who was chair of the Scientific Committee, and who has co-edited the current issue and taken the lead in writing about the papers from the Orléans workshop. The first paper, which was not an Orléans paper, is ‘Business Cycles Association in a Small Monetary Union: The Case of Switzerland’ by Alexandra Ferreira-Lopes &; Tiago Sequeira. From Orléans we have ‘QML Estimation of Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Models with Time Varying Spatial Weights Matrices’ by Lung-Fei Lee &; Jihai Yu; ‘Improving the J Test in the SARAR Model by Likelihood-Based Estimation’ by Peter Burridge; ‘The Mundlak Approach in the Spatial Durbin Panel Data Model’ by Nicolas Debarsy; and ‘Spatial Interactions in Hedonic Pricing Models: The Urban Housing Market of Aveiro, Portugal’ by Arnab Bhattacharjee, Eduardo Castro &; João Marques.

RÉSUMÉ Dans la présente communication, nous résumons les communications publiées dans l’édition 7.1, et nous présentons des commentaires sur ces dernières. Il s'agit d'une édition à thème, quatre des communications ayant été présentées initialement au 9ème atelier international de statistiques et d’économétrie spatiales, à l'université d'Orléans, en France. Cette édition a été organisée par Cem Ertur, qui était président du Comité scientifique, a coédité l’édition actuelle, et a pris le pas dans les communications sur les communications émanant de l'atelier d'Orléans. La première communication, qui n’était pas une communication d'Orléans, est « Association de Cycles commerciaux dans une Union monétaire restreinte: le cas de la Suisse », par Alexandra Ferreira-Lopes &; Tiago Sequeira. D'Orléans, nous avons reçu « Estimation QML de modèles de données de groupe dynamique spatial, avec matrices de poids spatiaux temporalisées », par Lung-Fei Lee &; Jihai Yu; « Optimisation du test « J » dans le modèle SARAR par estimation basée sur les probabilité », par Peter Burridge; « L'approche de Mundlak dans le modèle spatial de données de panel de Durbin », par Nicolas Debarsy; et « Interactions spatiales dans les modèles hédoniques des prix: le marché de l'immobilier urbain d'Aveiro, au Portugal », par Arnab Bhattacharjee, Eduardo Castro &; João Marques.

EXTRACTO En este trabajo resumimos y hacemos comentarios sobre trabajos publicados en la edición 7.1. Esta edición tiene un tema, y cuatro de sus estudios se presentaron originalmente en el Noveno Taller Internacional de Estadísticas Espaciales y Econometría celebrado en la Universidad de Orleans, Francia. Éste fue organizado por Cem Ertur, que presidió el Comité Científico, coeditó la edición actual y adoptó la posición líder en escribir sobre los estudios derivados del taller de trabajo de Orleans. El primer trabajo, que no fue uno de los estudios de Orleans, es la ‘Asociación de Ciclos de Negocios en una Unión Monetaria Pequeña: el Caso de Suiza’ de Alexandra Ferreira-Lopes &; Tiago Sequeira. Los estudios procedentes de Orleans son: ‘Estimación QML de modelos de datos de panel dinámicos espaciales con matrices de pesos espaciales que varían con el tiempo’ de Lung-Fei Lee &; Jihai Yu; ‘Mejora de la prueba J en el modelo SARAR por estimación basada en probabilidad’ de Peter Burridge; ‘El planteamiento Mundlak en el modelo espacial de datos de panel Durbin’ de Nicolas Debarsy; e, ‘Interacciones espaciales en modelos hedónicos de fijación de precios: el mercado de la vivienda urbana de Aveiro, Portugal’ de Arnab Bhattacharjee, Eduardo Castro &; João Marques.

  相似文献   
173.
Statistical analysis of change in networks   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A survey is given of random graphs and random graph processes which can be used to describe and analyze networks that are changing with time. Marko-vian change over time, log-linear models for change, and conditionally uniform models for change are described. It is noted that estimation is usually complex if the random graph involves dependent dyads. Models with deterministic change over time may be a way to avoid the difficulties implied by dependent dyads. Logit regression methods are described that can be used to estimate such models.  相似文献   
174.
    
This paper develops formulae to compute the Fisher information matrix for the regression parameters of generalized linear models with Gaussian random effects. The Fisher information matrix relies on the estimation of the response variance under the model assumptions. We propose two approaches to estimate the response variance: the first is based on an analytic formula (or a Taylor expansion for cases where we cannot obtain the closed form), and the second is an empirical approximation using the model estimates via the expectation–maximization process. Further, simulations under several response distributions and a real data application involving a factorial experiment are presented and discussed. In terms of standard errors and coverage probabilities for model parameters, the proposed methods turn out to behave more reliably than does the ‘disparity rule’ or direct extraction of results from the generalized linear model fitted in the last expectation–maximization iteration.  相似文献   
175.
    
This paper uses data from the 2000–08 waves of the German Socio‐Economic Panel dataset (SOEP) to assess the impact of deprivation in various life domains upon individual well‐being. Unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for by means of a random effects model extended to include a Mundlak term and explicit controls for the respondents' personality traits. The paper shows that people care about social comparison information in a number of domains, not just income. Using an equivalent income approach, the estimates suggest that a one standard deviation deterioration of the individual position in the income distribution is as important as a 33.5 percent decrease in own income. This monetary equivalent amounts to an income variation of between 25 and 43 percent when it comes to other deprivation domains, including durables, accommodation, health, and social relations. These results recommend that in the fight against deprivation more emphasis should be directed to these non‐monetary relevant dimensions.  相似文献   
176.
    
Public good economies where agents are endowed with strictly convex continuous single-peaked preferences on a convex subset of Euclidean space are considered. Such an economy arises for instance in the classical problem of allocating a given budget to finance the provision of several public goods where the agents have monotonically increasing strictly convex continuous preferences. A probabilistic mechanism assigns a probability distribution over the feasible alternatives to any profile of reported preferences. The main result of the paper establishes that any strategy-proof (in the sense of A. Gibbard, Econometrica45 (1977), 665-681) and unanimous mechanism must be a random dictatorship. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D70, D71, H40, C60.  相似文献   
177.
Sudan is threatened by a serious deforestation problem. Total forested area decreased by about 20 percent over the last two decades, largely as a result of the expansion of rainfed mechanized farming (RMF). To safeguard against the problems of deforestation, the government's Mechanized Farming Corporation requires each farmer to leave at least ten percent of the total farm area under shelterbelts. Few farmers pay attention to this clause. This paper addresses the problem of RMF expansion and analyzes the effects of different factors on the preservation of shelterbelts. Results indicate that the following factors influence the decision to preserve shelterbelts: farmer's belief in the value of shelterbelts, the production of gum arabic, farm size, farmer's wealth, years a farm has been cultivated, and type of farm.  相似文献   
178.
分析在多种交通方式存在情况下乘客的交通选择行为,并基于随机效用理论和层次分析法构造了综合运输体系下客运结构合理配置模型及算法。考虑到我国现阶段收入水平是影响旅客交通方式选择的主要因素,将旅客划分为4类,并计算分析得到各类旅客的出行选择结果。该模型可用于客运市场份额预测,为优化配置交通运输资源提供理论依据。  相似文献   
179.
    
User preference mining is an application of data mining that attracts increasing attention. Although most of the existing user preference mining methods achieved significant performance improvement, the sentiment tendencies of users were seldom considered. This paper proposes fine-grained sentiment analysis for preference mining. The powerful feature representation capabilities of deep neural networks have significantly improved the performance of fine-grained sentiment analysis. But two main challenges remain when using deep neural network models: incomplete user feature extraction and insufficient interaction. In response, a pre-training language model is employed to encode user features to fully explore potential interests of users, a linguistic knowledge model is introduced to assist the encoding, a multi-scale convolution neural network is adopted to capture text features at different scales and fully utilize the text information, and the fine-grained sentiment analysis task is modeled as a sequence labeling problem to explore the sentiment polarity of user evaluation. Experiments on a user review data set are used to verify the new approach. Experimental results of precision, recall rate and F1-value show that the proposed approach performs better, and is more effective than baseline models. For example, the F1-value is increased by 4.27% compared to the best performing baseline model. Findings have important implications for research and practice.  相似文献   
180.
    
This study examines the continuous-time optimal stopping problem with an infinite horizon under Markov processes. Existing research focuses on finding explicit solutions under certain assumptions of the reward function or underlying process; however, these assumptions may either not be fulfilled or be difficult to validate in practice. We developed a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) approximation method to find the optimal solution, which applies to general reward functions and underlying Markov processes. We demonstrated that our method can be used to solve the optimal stopping problem with a random delay, in which the delay could be either an independent random variable or a function of the underlying process. We established a theoretical upper bound for the approximation error to facilitate error control. Furthermore, we designed a two-stage scheme to implement our method efficiently. The numerical results show that the proposed method is accurate and rapid under various model specifications.  相似文献   
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