区域旅游一体化能实现吗？——基于Salop模型的SPNE研究

文章基于Salop圆周城市模型, 在区域旅游产品特征及区域旅游合作方式分类的基础上, 研究区域旅游一体化的最佳合作方式及实现条件; 考虑区域旅游地合作方式对利润及旅游产品价格的影响, 通过区分区域旅游地的资源导向和市场及形象导向型两种常见情况, 引入两阶段博弈法, 按照两种区域旅游利润最大化的合作方式分别进行求解。结果表明：区域旅游合作是基于旅游产品的差异、同质化程度, 采取不同的协调方式进行的, 主线是促进差异化, 控制同质产品的内部竞争力;追求各自利润最大化下的契约式合作是区域旅游合作的最佳方式。如果政府间要实行行政组织一体化策略, 则只有在各旅游地旅游产品同质化时才易推行, 但是这种竞争状态并不稳定;区域旅游一体化是要利用行政力量削弱行政壁垒, 倡导市场要素流动的无障碍化。     

Regional Developments by Making Intellectual Property Public Domain

In this paper, the Japanese methods of regional developments with media contents are being analyzed. Taking Hokkaido or Sakaimitato as examples, the effects on the tourism with media contents will be explained in detail. Then, as a new idea, the concept of local consumed intellectual property will be proposed. Finally, the measures of solution of copyright which is difficult to deal with when using media contents would be discussed by including legislations.     

Estimating the Economic Impact of Convention and Exhibition Businesses,Using a Regional Input–Output Model: A Case Study of the Daejeon Convention Center in South Korea

Past research on the economic impact of convention and exhibition businesses has neglected disaggregated expenditures of these consumer groups. The primary reason for this neglect is that estimating the economic impacts of these businesses is complicated and requires comprehensive surveys of various consumer groups. Thus, this study estimated expenditures based on surveys to different consumers such as convention and exhibition visitors, convention and exhibition organizers, and exhibitors. This study also employed a regional input–output (I–O) model and then matched the types of expenditure patterns with the I–O table. Survey results show that exhibition visitors spent the largest amount (US$153 million), followed by convention attendees (US$48 million), convention organizers (US$47 million), exhibition organizers (US$3.3 million), and exhibitors (US$2.8 million). The results of the I–O model indicate that the Daejeon Convention Center generated US$488 million of output impact, US$102 million of income impact, US$233 million of value added impact, and 10,211 jobs.     

Application of Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) and delineation of natural risk zones in Greater Lisbon,Portugal

Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) was applied to Greater Lisbon (Portugal). Based on the concepts used for the SoVI assessments in the US, 46 variables representing social vulnerability of the 149 civil parishes of Greater Lisbon were chosen. Thirty-eight variables were selected after application of correlation tests. They were standardized, and a Principal Component Analysis and a Varimax rotation were applied to them. Seven factors were extracted using the Kaiser criterion, which explain 79.5% of the variance, and the SoVI scores were then mapped using a standard deviation classification. Twelve of the 149 civil parishes of Greater Lisbon have a very high social vulnerability and 24 of them have a high social vulnerability. The map of SoVI was then integrated with susceptibility maps of earthquakes, floods, flash floods, landslides, tsunami, and coastal erosion, thus delineating risk zones. Twenty-two civil parishes of Greater Lisbon have a very high risk; among them, 17 belong to Lisbon Municipality, four belong to Loures Municipality, and one belongs to Vila Franca de Xira Municipality. Finally, exposed population was considered and combined with risk zones map in order to assess the number of people being potentially exposed to risk and their location.     

New evidence of regional income divergence in post-reform Russia

This article investigates regional income convergence in Russia during 2000–2008. We test the hypothesis in which income divergence across regions of the country should give place to income convergence as the country moves toward free market economy with strong market institutions. The study contributes to the existing literature by using the exponential smooth autoregressive Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root test in a panel setup, a novel econometric technique, which encompasses cross sectional dependence. Results show strong evidence of on-going regional income divergence in post-reform period.     

A new approach to the identification of regional clusters: hierarchical clustering on principal components

This study focuses on the identification of regional business clusters as a primary step in the design and implementation of cluster-based development strategies. A methodology that has not been used previously to identify clusters is applied to data on inter-industry linkages from the input–output table of a region in northern Spain. The first advantage of this approach, hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC), over the use of factorial analysis alone, is that it involves the application of objective clustering techniques to the principal components analysis results, which leads to a better cluster solution. A second advantage is derived from using a mixed algorithm for the clustering process – a combination of the Ward’s classification method with the K-means algorithm – which improves the robustness of the final results.     

Dynamics of environmental quality and economic development: the regional experience from Yangtze River Delta of China

This article investigates the dynamic relationship between economic progress and environmental quality at a regional level. An important economic intuition in this context is that environmental degradation will be limited by human behaviour if costs and benefits of such degradation are local since economic agents will then be incentivized to choose appropriate corrective action. Therefore, we note the likelihood that regional economic development can help regions ‘grow out of’ environmental problems. Using a new data set from Yangtze River Delta of China, we find a strong confirmation of the intuition that human can and will resolve the environmental problem by altering the damaging behaviour of economic agents. A very interesting finding of this study is that the relationship between environmental quality and economic progress measured by per capita income can display a wave-like function in the case of water pollution, as opposed to the much dramatized environmental Kuznets curve, with significant policy implications.     

Determinants of the global and regional CO2 emissions: What causes what and where?

Using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model and an unbalanced panel dataset of 128 countries covering 1990–2014, this study aims to examine the key impact factors (KIFs) of the global and regional carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and analyse the effectiveness of non-renewable and renewable energies. Given the potential cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, a series of econometric techniques allowing for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity is applied. The overall estimations imply that the KIFs at the global level are economic growth, followed by population size, non-renewable energy, and energy intensity in order of their impacts on CO₂ emissions; conversely, the KIFs at the regional level vary across different regions and estimators. The results also suggest that renewable energy can lead to a decline in CO₂ emissions at the global level. At the regional level, only for two regions (i.e., S. & Cent. America and Europe & Eurasia) renewable energy has a significant and negative effect on CO₂ emissions, which may be affected by the share of renewable energy consumption in the primary energy mix. Finally, the results indicate varied causality relationships among the variables across regions.

Abbreviations: AMG: Augmented mean group; BP: British Petroleum; BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa; CCEMG: Common correlated effects mean group; CD: Cross-section dependence; CIPS: Cross-sectionally augmented Im, Pesaran, and Shin; CO₂: Carbon dioxide; PS: Population size; D-H: Dumitrescu-Hurlin; EI: Energy intensity; EU: European Union; EU-5: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom; Europe & Eurasia, Europe and Eurasia; GDP: Gross domestic product; IEA: International Energy Agency; KIF: Key impact factor; LM: Lagrange multiplier; Mtoe, Million tonnes oil equivalent; NRE: Non-renewable energy; RE: Renewable energy; S. & Cent. America, South and Central America; STIRPAT: Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology; VECM: Vector error correction model; WDI: World Development Indicators     

Innovation,embeddedness and policy: evidence from life sciences in three UK regions

This paper draws upon a survey of the life science and biotechnology regions of Oxford, Central Scotland and South West England to examine the innovation and embeddedness traits of the regions. The insights into the compositional weaknesses and strengths of the regions suggest opportunities and threats for the future development of the UK's life sciences and biotechnology. The discussion moves forward debates on biotechnology, regional innovation, regional economic development and policy by posing research questions relating to the gap of knowledge of two under-researched regions, the need for a differentiated view of regions and a public policy approach tailored towards them, as well as the prospects of ‘engineering’ high-tech regions. Some of the highlighted policy challenges are common to the three regions, while others are region-specific and reflect the variations of regional make-up and stage of development.     

欧美日企业文化差异及其对地方企业网络发展的影响——以汽车产业为例

首先对比分析欧美与日本的企业文化差异,然后以汽车产业为例,探讨其企业文化差异对上海、广东汽车企业网络的影响,结果表明:欧美企业文化强调个人主义、理性主义和平等观念,而日本则强调集体主义、感性主义和等级观念;因企业文化差异,欧美跨国汽车企业与日本跨国汽车企业相比,中国本土企业进入前者组建的企业网络难度与稳定性要弱于后者,而竞争激烈程度要大于后者,且后者在海外组建地方企业网络相对前者更为迅速;尽管后者比前者对地方企业网络的创新作用要强,技术扩散更为频繁,但这仅限其“封闭的供应商网络”范围内,对中国本土企业的技术封锁更加极端.最后提出其存在的问题及相应对策.