美联银行反洗钱处罚案对我国反洗钱监管的启示

FinCEN对美联银行的反洗钱处罚体现了重视反洗钱工作机制建设、重视违反可疑交易报告规定情况、具体的处罚金额与违规行为的严重程度和机构自身的影响力相关等监管原则.启示我国反洗钱工作要加强对金融机构反洗钱内控机制建设的关注力度,处罚力度应与机构影响力结合,正确理解和处理处罚与监管的关系以及在大额和可疑交易报告的检查方面应注重系统性风险等.     

论资本约束下商业银行如何实施战略转型

在国际金融形势的影响下,巴塞尔委员会提出了更高的资本监管要求,我国商业银行资本缺口在扩大,资本补充能力受到很多限制,对此,银行业要充分认识转型的必要性和紧迫性,加强核心竞争力,实现可持续发展。     

破解农村金融排斥问题的几大思路

广大农村当前受到严重的金融排斥,农民的金融需求普遍得不到满足,本文从农村金融排斥的角度提出破解的几大思路,目的在于解决我国"三农问题",促进城乡统筹发展。     

融资约束差异会提高企业金融化水平吗?——来自我国A股上市非金融企业的经验证据

目前,我国越来越多实体企业偏离主业,将资金投入金融等收益率高的部门,出现经济的“脱实向虚”现象,一定程度上阻碍了实体经济的发展。本文基于2009—2018年我国非金融类A股上市公司数据,研究融资约束与企业金融化之间的关系。研究发现:融资约束与企业金融化之间存在显著的负向关系,受融资约束越小的企业,配置越多的金融资产,提高了企业金融化水平。进一步研究发现,融资约束与短期、长期金融资产之间均存在显著的负向关系,但与长期金融资产之间的负向关系更加明显。在受融资约束小和非国有企业的样本中,融资约束对企业金融化的影响程度更大。作用机制检验表明,企业业绩是融资约束影响企业金融化的中介变量。     

企业金融资产配置与融资约束的缓解机制:基于流动性管理的分析

企业进行金融资产配置,一方面能够为企业提供流动性,缓解融资约束;另一方面也因投机动机而占用企业流动性资源,加剧融资约束,对实体投资造成挤压。这是形成企业金融化的"投资挤出效应"和"蓄水池效应"两种现象并存的内在机制。为衡量这种内在机制,本文使用2007—2018年我国上市公司样本,对金融资产配置的流动性管理效应展开分析。结果显示:非金融企业的金融收益会推动超额现金的持有,通过超额现金的中介效应引致了融资约束程度的缓解;而企业持有金融资产行为则产生相反的效应。进一步研究发现,在典型的公司治理机制中,无论是外部股东的投票机制,还是来自内部的代理成本与高管持股机制,都在一定程度上推动了金融资产配置产生的流动性效应。     

影响我国林业碳汇融资的主要因素及对策

随着全球气候变暖问题的逐渐严重,各国开始重新认识并重视森林的生态功能,林业碳汇逐渐成为重要的减排手段之一,林业碳汇产业也成为各国的新兴产业。针对我国林业碳汇产权不明、相关风险管理不到位、市场需求不足、投资收益相对低等问题和林业碳汇融资的的制约因素进行分析,从产权、风险、需求、收益等四个方面给出了相关的发展对策。     

监管宽容条件下的存款保险定价研究

监管宽容是存款保险定价中的一个重要的制度因素，文章分析了监管宽容对存款保险费率的影响，以Merton的存款保险定价的看跌期权模型为基础，根据监管宽容的定义重新建立了描述存款保险价值的偏微分方程的边界条件，并给出了商业银行存款保险定价公式。结果表明，适度的监管宽容可以降低存款保险的费率水平。文章的结论对正在酝酿的存款保险制度具有一定的借鉴意义。     

CLOSED-FORM SOLUTIONS FOR OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH STOCHASTIC INTEREST RATE AND INVESTMENT CONSTRAINTS

We examine the portfolio choice problem of an investor with constant relative risk aversion in a financial market with partially hedgeable interest rate risk. The individual shadow price of the portfolio constraint is characterized as the solution of a new backward equation involving Malliavin derivatives. A generalization of this equation is studied and solved in explicit form. This result, applied to our financial model, yields closed-form solutions for the shadow price and the optimal portfolio. The effects of parameters such as risk aversion, interest rate volatility, investment horizon, and tightness of the constraint are examined. Applications of our method to a monetary economy with inflation risk and to an international setting with currency risk are also provided.     

Testing the intertemporal labor supply model: are jobs important?

The neoclassical life-cycle labor supply model assumes that hours of work are determined by labor supply choices alone and does not include a role for employers or job distinctions. An alternative model in which employers have an interest in employee hours and changing jobs is costly may reconcile weak and conflicting evidence regarding the neoclassical model. An important implication of such an alternative is that individuals may face hours constraints on a job and thus can choose hours freely only between jobs. This paper tests several implications of the neoclassical model against this alternative model of hours determination. Using a unique panel of individuals and jobs constructed using data on women from the 1988–1992 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I compare hours variances and labor supply elasticities measured within and between jobs. Results provide some evidence against the neoclassical model and suggest that ignoring the role of employers in determining hours of work can lead to downward bias in estimates of labor supply elasticities.     

CORPORATE CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND HOW SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS MAY AFFECT IT

Abstract.  This survey paper examines existing theories of capital structure and related empirical tests with the aim to derive theoretical as well empirically testable predictions about the implications of the soft budget constraint for corporate capital structure. We show that the soft budget constraint syndrome is relevant for a variety of institutional environments, from central planning to capitalist economic systems, and consider features of company financing patterns in various institutional contexts. Special attention is paid to emerging and transition economies where, with the development of financial markets, companies reduce their financial dependence on the state and begin to borrow from a variety of sources. However, due to the persistence of soft budget constraints, corporate capital structure in transition and emerging economies may still deviate significantly from the capital structure of companies operating under hard budget constraints.