Do the Forward Sales of Real Estate Stabilize Spot Prices?

We examine the effect of forward sale (pre-sale) activities on the volatility of spot prices in the real estate market. The abundance of pre-sales data and major changes in regulatory control on the pre-sale market during the 90's in Hong Kong allow us to undertake empirical tests using Hong Kong's real estate data. Our results show that the volatility of spot prices increased significantly after forward sales were severely dampened by regulatory control measures introduced in 1994, but decreased again when the measures were partly relaxed in 1998. The results contribute to the long lasting debate on whether the introduction of a futures market reduces the volatility of spot prices. Previous studies were mainly conducted in markets with low transaction costs, notably financial markets. By utilizing the unique regulatory changes in the pre-sale market of Hong Kong, we are able to conduct an experiment on the conditional volatility of spot prices in a high information-cost environment, thereby shedding light on the important role of forward housing contracts in providing price expectation information for spot trading.     

基于"综合谈判力"的企业所有权安排

现代企业理论打开了“企业”这一“黑箱”,为理解和创建现代企业制度提供了有力的理论支撑。本文通过对企业各要素所有者谈判力三个方面,即:签约人自身实力、签约人相互关系地位、签约外部环境的具体分析,阐释了各要素所有者对企业剩余的分享,并以此初步构建一个以企业要素所有者“综合谈判力”为基础的企业所有权安排分析框架。     

Use of the written contract in long-lasting business relationships

While contracts are signed in most business dealings, they are seldom used. These contracts are drawn up for different purposes: as a communication tool, to reduce uncertainty, or simply because it is customary. This study investigates how contracts are used in long-lasting business relationships and what factors influence the use of contracts. A number of studies claim that the negotiation process and the relationships developed during that process influence the subsequent use of contracts. In many cases, parties conduct business without contracts as they develop trust-based relationships. A conceptual framework is developed, which is then used to analyze three in-depth case studies. Findings show that the contract itself, rather than the negotiation process, has the greatest influence on how the contract is used.     

国际工程设计与承包市场的相关性分析

依据1995～2004年美国《ENR》杂志公布的数据，运用SPSS软件从国家、地区以及全球的角度，对国际工程设计营业额与工程承包营业额的相关性进行了定量分析，并对分析的结果作了相应的解释。中还结合我国(除港澳台外)国际工程设计和承包市场相关性的特点，提出了发展我国国际工程设计与承包业的建议。     

对中小型建筑企业合同管理的思考

通过对中小型建筑企业合同管理的现状分析，针对建筑企业合同管理存在的主要问题及其原因，提出了包括加强合同教育、优化企业和项目的管理组织结构、完善合同管理制度体系和合同文本体系、建立合同信息管理系统等提高中小犁建筑企业合同管理水平的主要途径。     

我国高等教育财政绩效拨款模式改革的思考

高等教育规模扩大和政府财政支出下降的矛盾日益突出,出于对高等教育机构效率低下问题的日益关注,世界各国出现了调整高等教育财政拨款方式的趋势。我国进入高等教育大众化发展阶段后,也出现了上述问题。针对目前我国高等教育面临需求压力巨大、规模迅速扩张、质量问题凸现、投入不足等诸多矛盾,我国高等教育财政拨款模式改革的目标应定位为：借鉴国外有益经验,努力提高高教财政拨款与管理的科学性、公开性、公平性,强调高教资金分配的竞争}生、择优性及效益。（一）拨款机制改革：构建“政府一中介一学校”三方协调运作机制模式;（二）拨款方法由单一的“综合定额加专项补助”模式改为“公式加合同”复合模式。     

现代营销新观念

企业的新的营销环境中必须确立模糊营销、感性营销和关系营销的新观念,掌握市场竞争的主动权。     

合同法上的附随义务初探

合同义务的一个重要分类是给付义务与附随义务。附随义务是指法律无明确规定,当事人间也无明确约定的合同当事人应承担的义务。在合同履行过程中,违反了附随义务应承担相应的法律责任。     

Investment planning under uncertainty and flexibility: the case of a purchasable sales contract*

Investment decisions are not only characterised by irreversibility and uncertainty but also by flexibility with regard to the timing of the investment. This paper describes how stochastic simulation can be successfully integrated into a backward recursive programming approach in the context of flexible investment planning. We apply this hybrid approach to a marketing question from primary production which can be viewed as an investment problem: should grain farmers purchase sales contracts which guarantee fixed product prices over the next 10 years? The model results support the conclusion from dynamic investment theory that it is essential to take simultaneously account of uncertainty and flexibility.     

员工关系管理理论综述

国内外企业经营管理实践证明,和谐的员工关系不仅能帮助企业赢得人才、留住人才,而且可以使企业管理和业务的运作效率大幅提升,从而更有效的实现企业的经营目标。文章对国内外员工关系管理的研究进展及成果进行了一定的综述,并在此基础上对符合我国国情的员工关系管理做出了一些探讨。最后,文章对员工关系管理需要进一步深入研究的问题提出了几点看法。