中国工业企业利益分配格局快速变动的原因分析:1997—2007

本文分析了1997—2007年中国工业企业利益分配格局的演变趋势,以及导致利益分配格局快速变动的主要原因。研究发现,1998—2000年和2003—2007年是中国工业企业利益分配格局发生快速调整的两个时期;1998—2000年的国有企业三年脱困改革是导致该时间段内工业企业利益分配格局快速变化的主要原因;而始于2003年的工业品出厂价格结构性变动,则是导致2003—2007年工业企业利益分配格局快速向资本方倾斜的主要原因。     

不同资本结构与所有权安排下的投资效率测度——来自我国A股市场的经验证据

本文研究了中国上市公司不同资本结构和所有权安排对投资收益和投资效率的影响,并就我国企业过度投资现象进行了测算和说明。实证结果发现,上市公司财务杠杆水平显著影响着公司投资效率和投资收益,但在影响方式上却因所有权安排的差异而有所不同。财务杠杆水平的提高对地方国有企业和非国有企业的投资收益影响不大,但显著降低了这两类企业的投资效率;中央国有企业财务杠杆水平的提高能够显著降低投资收益,但对投资效率的影响并不敏感。研究还发现,低杠杆水平的非国有企业和地方国有企业几乎不存在过度投资情况,高杠杆组该类企业过度投资却很严重;而对于中央国有企业来说,无论财务杠杆水平如何,投资效率均十分低下,过度投资普遍存在。     

矿产开发负效应与资源生态环境补偿机制研究

矿产开发的负效应是指采矿活动造成的资源生态环境损失,主要表现为资源耗损、生态破坏、环境污染以及区域发展能力下降等。本文基于矿产开发的负效应,初步构建了矿产开发的资源生态环境补偿机制的基本框架。提出应采取资源补偿、生态环境补偿与矿区/区域补偿,实行防范性补偿、即时性补偿与修复性补偿,实施实体性补偿、功能性补偿与价值性补偿。不同的补偿类型,其补偿主体、客体、原则、标准、方式各不相同,但总体上都遵循立法约束、政策引导与行政监管相结合的三位一体的补偿运行模式。建议开展矿产开发的资源环境补偿机制建设试点工作;形成部门间协调管理的工作机制;加强对矿产开发生态环境补偿的监督和评估。     

Bigger and safer: the diffusion of competitive advantage

Research on the diffusion of technologies that give competitive advantage is needed to understand the role of technology in competition. Predictions on which firms first obtain useful technologies are made by cluster theory, which holds that the diffusion is geographically bounded, and network theory, which holds that adoption is more rapid in central network positions. These predictions can be evaluated using data on the diffusion of supplier innovations that give competitive advantage to firms in the buyer industry. Here, the diffusion of new ship types is studied using the heterogeneous diffusion model and data on shipping firm‐shipbuilder networks, showing that valuable innovations remain rare because they are not adopted by distant firms in geographical and network space. The strong influence of geographically dispersed interfirm networks on technology diffusion justifies a greater role of interorganizational networks in the theory of competitive advantage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Managing knowledge in foreign entry strategies: a resource‐based analysis

International strategies vary in their potential to exploit and augment a firm's resources, especially its knowledge base. Resource‐based analysis suggests clustering the diverse entry modes in terms of their exploitation and augmentation characteristics. We thus introduce a new categorization of entry modes based on their potential to augment the resources of an entrant. We then explore the antecedents of these modes, and advance testable propositions delimiting for which firms and in which circumstances each mode maximizes long‐term value creation. Finally, we outline how our resource‐based framework complements transaction‐cost‐based frameworks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宏观金融效率与微观金融效率一致吗？——来自广东省农信社的实证数据（1993—2004）

农村金融是中国金融体系的短板,中国农村金融发展的关键是效率问题。针对宏微观金融效率研究出现的分野,聚焦中国金融体系的短板,本文以广东省农信社为例,尝试回答“宏观金融效率是否与微观金融效率一致”的问题。本文首先通过回归分析与基于经济发展分区的Panel-Data模型分别检验广东省农信社作为一个整体与经济分区对广东农村经济可能存在的促进作用,实证结果表明：Panel—Data模型的分析结果更加显著,农信社发展对农村经济有更加显著的促进作用。文章接着将广东农信社的微观金融效率与四大国有银行的微观金融效率进行比较．发现广东省农信社的宏观金融效率与微观金融效率不匹配。     

二元金融下的“双缺口”悖论研究

自1990年开始,我国出现了国内储蓄过剩与以FDI为主的外资涌入并存的现象,与传统发展经济学中的"双缺口"理论相悖。对此,本文认为主要的原因在于,我国在向市场经济过渡时期存在的"二元金融",使得国内储蓄过剩,与此同时,以FDI为主的外资的涌入,出于"效率互补",利用其配置资源的优势,弥补国内金融控制的缺陷,促进国内储蓄向投资的有效转化。     

The Sophisticated and the Simple: the Profitability of Contrarian Strategies

A variety of variables have been used to form contrarian portfolios, ranging from relatively simple measures, like book‐to‐market, cash flow‐to‐price, earnings‐to‐price and past returns, to more sophisticated measures based on the Ohlson model and residual income model (RIM). This paper investigates whether: (i) contrarian strategies based on RIM perform better or worse than those based on the Ohlson model; (ii) contrarian strategies based on more sophisticated valuation models (e.g. Ohlson and RIM) perform much better than the relatively simpler ranking variables that have been used so extensively in the finance literature. Given that the RIM and Ohlson models require greater information inputs and technical know‐how, and make different implicit assumptions on future abnormal earnings, it is important to ascertain if they offer significantly greater contrarian profits to outweigh the increased costs that they entail. Indeed, our surprising finding is that simple cash flow‐to‐price measures appear to do almost as well as the more sophisticated alternatives. One would have expected the sophisticated models to significantly outperform the simple cash flow to price model for the reasons given by Penman (2007) .     

资产周期特性与保险公司资产配置策略

在竞争激烈的保险市场上,作为盈利的两大支柱之一,保险公司资产管理的能力日趋重要,而保险公司资产配置是保险资产管理的核心,其研究意义就显得尤为重要。本文首先给出保险资产配置的意义与总体原则,然后从保险资金的来源和特性入手,在详细分析了美国、中国不同经济周期和市场周期下大类资产风险收益特性的基础之上,给出保险公司资产负债管理和资产配置的战略决策建议。