Review of tourism resources valuation

Tourism resources valuation is now a hot issue of the science of tourism resources, resources economics and environmental economics. This paper reviews research progresss on tourism resources valuation, introduces its theoretic basis, and elaborates two classical valuation methods： TCM and CVM. And two existing problems are discussed Firstly, tourism resources value constitution system is still under dispute. This paper puts forward the Value constitution system based on present value categories. Secondly, tourism resources valuation methods need further studies because both TCM and CVM have deficiencies. Finally, the paper points out the development direction of tourism resources valuation.     

Economic principles and fundamental model of the sustainable utilization of ecological resources

1. Introduction The mainstream of present economy is the green eco-economy, including green products, green production, green consumption, green market, green industry, and so on. These are the concrete demands of sustainable development for economic life. With the development of economy, society and science and technology and the increase of the population, the abundant ecological resources become more and more scarce [1]. So the quantity and quality of eco- logical resources can’t increasin…     

海洋经济可持续开发目标保证体系的探索

21世纪，人类将运用高科技对海洋资源进一步有效地开发，但在开发利用的同时又存在对海洋资源的破坏、污染问题。应如何建立可持续开发利用海洋资源的产业目标保证体系问题进行了较深入的探究。     

西北银行业知识资本结构中人力资源的有效性研究

建立了银行业知识资本评估模型 ,以西北地区 2 0余家银行作为研究对象 ,运用数据包络 (DEA)方法对各银行知本结构中人力资源能力的有效性进行评估 ,从而衡量人力资源能力对银行知识资本的影响。在辨别资本有效性的同时 ,对银行的投入产出规模作相应的调整 ,得到了从人力资源角度实现知识资本增值的有益途径     

Rethinking the costs related to global warming: A survey of the issues

One approach to the economic analysis of global warming seeks to balance the costs of damage from or adaptation to it with the costs of mitigating it. The costs of adaptation and damage have been estimated using techniques of environmental evaluation, but are subject to a wide margin of uncertainty. The costs of mitigation, principally by reducing the emissions of CO₂, have been estimated using different kinds of economic models, some of the results of which have suggested that very little abatement of carbon emissions is justified before the costs of abatement exceed the benefits of it in terms of foregone damage and adaptation costs. The paper analyses the extent to which this conclusion is a function of the modelling assumptions and techniques used, rather than likely practical outcomes, with regard to the models' treatment of unemployed resources, revenue recycling, prior distortions in the economy due to the tax system and possible dynamic effects from the introduction of a carbon-energy tax. It concludes that, with different and arguably more appropriate treatment of the above issues, especially when the secondary benefits of reducing CO₂ emissions are also taken into account, it is not clear that even substantial reductions in the use of fossil fuels will incur net costs, especially if there is the prospect of even moderate costs from global warming.     

矿区生态经济若干问题探讨

本文着重探讨了矿区资源开发中生态经济系统的特征；铜矿资源的珍贵性；矿区自然资源和生态环境以及劳动力资源的脆弱易损性；露采优先方针的重要性；矿区生态、经济、社会三者效益的统一性；21世纪采矿与环境协调发展的新概念和新技术、新工艺。     

长江流域资源环境与可持续发展研究

把可持续发展建立在资源可持续利用和生态环境良好的基础上,已成为世人的共识。文章概述了长江流域的资源环境状况,揭示了长江流域面临的严重资源环境问题：人地矛盾日益尖锐;水土流失严重;湿地萎缩加剧;自然灾害频繁;水污染加重。提出了促进可持续发展的资源环境对策,包括：贯彻计划生育基本国策,减缓人口对环境的压力;植树造林,构筑“绿色屏障”;调整产业结构和布局,建立资源节约型国民经济体系;发展资源产业,增强产业的基础地位;建立综合协调的资源环境管理体系;提高公众环境意识,树立生态道德观。     

Domestic and international strategic interactions in environment policy formation

Summary. In this paper, we establish the most possilbe general formulation of the technology governing carbon-gas emission, giving rise to global external diseconomies, and ty to explore into the strategic interactions,both domestic and international, when an individual country decides on the environmental policies. Through the comparison among emission taxes, quotas, and standard in the perfectly competitive private economies, we find that the first two policies are equivalent but they are different in effects by virtue of what we may call the tax-exemption effect of emission standards. Such a difference in the policy effect further affects the other country's welfare through the global externalities, amplified through whether the government can precommit to either the emission tax or the emission standard. Received: January 16, 2001; revised version: April 16, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" The authors thank the valuable comments by an anonymous referee. Ministry of Education and Science for its financial support is also greatly acknowledged. Correspondence to:K. Kiyono     

Evolution of harvesting strategies: replicator and resource dynamics

Abstract. Economic theories of managing renewable resources, such as fisheries and forestry, traditionally assume that individual harvesters are perfectly rational and thus able to compute the harvesting strategy that maximizes their discounted profits. The current paper presents an alternative approach based on bounded rationality and evolutionary mechanisms. It is assumed that individual harvesters face a choice between two harvesting strategies. The evolution of the distribution of strategies in the population is modeled through a replicator dynamics equation. The latter captures the idea that strategies yielding above average profits are demanded more than strategies yielding below average profits, so that the first type ends up accounting for a larger part in the population. From a mathematical perspective, the combination of resource and evolutionary processes leads to complex dynamics. The paper presents the existence and stability conditions for each steady-state of the system and analyzes dynamic paths to the equilibrium. In addition, effects of changes in prices are analyzed. A main result of the paper is that under certain conditions both strategies can survive in the long-run. Correspondence to: J. Noailly     

从我国能源消费现状看建设资源节约型社会的必要性和紧迫性

本文根据大量最新统计资料，详细分析了我国的能源消费现状以及国际能源市场的最新变化，指出了我国建设资源节约型社会的必要性和紧迫性。针对建设资源节约型社会在能源领域的实现途径．本文随后给出了若干政策建议。