Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu,Peru

Machu Picchu, Peru, is recognized as a top international travel destination. Pressure from the approximately 900,000 tourists who annually visit the ancient Inca city threatens the ecological integrity, physical substance and cultural authenticity of the World Heritage Site and surrounding area, including the Inca Trail. Multiple organizations and agencies currently involved in the management of Machu Picchu have distinct agendas for the conservation and development of the city, and conflicts regarding public access, economic growth and cultural preservation are rampant. Attempts to establish carrying capacities have failed, with proposed daily visitor levels ranging from 800 to 4000. This paper explores the complex issues surrounding tourism at Machu Picchu and presents a potential solution: an adaptive management approach based on the UN World Tourism Organization's (UNWTO) sustainable tourism framework. This integrative strategy accounts for multiple perspectives and synthesizes disparate goals embraced by diverse stakeholders, including the Peruvian government, international conservation organizations, foreign tourists, private tour operators, regional authorities and indigenous communities. The focus on Machu Picchu as an adaptive management case study site outlines key steps leading to implementation, offering planning and policy implications for sustainability initiatives at numerous developing-world tourism destinations facing similar political and socio-economic challenges.     

业主现场管理的成本控制分析

房地产开发项目建安成本控制主要从两方面进行控制,一方面指控制固定成本,另一方面指控制可变成本.通过对某房地产公司已开发项目建安成本现场控管的得失并结合行业情况进行分析总结.     

New Cultures,New Strategies,New Formats and New Relationships in European Retailing

Abstract

During the last fifteen years there has been a substantial restructuring of retailing in Europe. The implications of this reach beyond Europe. The restructuring involves not only competitive relationships amongst retailers but also involves new forms of relationships with suppliers. A new perspective of the role of retailing is emerging that places retailing in a global framework of international store operations, international sourcing of products, international flows of management and managerial know-how, and international awareness by consumers of the retailers who are becoming international brands. The aim of this paper is to place the restructuring in context, to consider the nature of it and to explore how the new global framework will begin to have effects for distribution industries in Asia.     

海洋石油工程设计与现场施工相结合要点分析

本文将通过对几个海洋石油工程的设计实例进行分析,来重点阐述在目前海洋石油工程设计中所存在的问题以及影响施工质量的各种因素。并通过综合考虑,为提高海洋石油工程的安全质量提出相应的优化对策。     

Technologies of Translocality: Vegetables,Meat and Dresses in Arab Muslim Detroit

The diversification of US suburbs in terms of race, ethnicity and immigration has created invaluable opportunities for scholars to study technologies of translocality‐in‐the‐making. Translocal landscapes are described as spaces of ‘here' studded with ‘parts of elsewhere' (Allen and Cochrane, 2007 )—but which pieces of the landscape count as meaningfully ‘of elsewhere', how do those parts get there, and what range of meanings can they signify? This article is based on qualitative, in‐depth interviews and explores these questions in the context of an Arab Muslim ethnic enclave and retail district in an inner‐ring suburb of Detroit. The findings indicate that ‘parts of elsewhere' are more internally pluralized, multifunctional, multidirectional and aesthetically diverse than commonly recognized. The implications of these findings challenge scholars to develop more robust frameworks to explain how translocal geographies are produced, why they matter, and how they can be recognized.     

Potential of the Internet as a Retailing Channel in South Africa

Abstract

This study examines the factors affecting retailers perceptions of the Internet as a potential retail channel. It examines the environmental factors as well as the organizational factors impacting on the potential of Internet retailing. Results are reported from 102 South African retailing chain organizations across all categories. The authors discuss the results and provide some guiding points for retailers who intend to use the Internet as a retailing channel in the future.     

软硬互层场地勘察及基础设计要点

本文通过对软硬互层场地勘察的描述,详细的介绍了勘查中必须注意的一些主要的物理性质和变形特征,比如如何提高岩芯采取率,提高钻探质量,结合野外钻探工艺,提出一些看法。以及在基础设计中需要充分考虑的设计要点。     

城镇居民收入水平对零售业与批发业影响的实证研究——基于协整和向量自回归模型

文章选取1995年-2008年我国城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入和零售业销售总额、批发业销售总额的时间序列数据,通过基于VAR模型的协整分析、脉冲响应分析和方差分解的有机结合进行研究,发现上述序列间存在长期均衡。对标准化协整方程和误差校正模型的分析表明,我国城镇居民收入水平和零售业销售总额、批发业销售总额之间形成了长期的、稳定的关系,且城镇居民收入水平是零售业销售总额、批发业销售总额的格兰杰原因。脉冲响应分析和方差分解均显示,城镇居民收入水平在过去十四年内对零售业、批发业产生了持续性的影响。     

基于实时监控的网站反篡改系统设计

随着Internet和网络技术的发展,网站成为单位信息发布和宣传的重要平台。但随着网站建设的规模化和大众化,网站安全也成了日渐严峻的问题。本文提出了一种基于实时监控的Windows平台下网站反篡改系统的设计方案,用以提升网站安全防护能力。     

Measuring Quality and Client Satisfaction in Professional Business Services

ABSTRACT

This paper builds on recent research into the key attributes clients use as a measure of quality and satisfaction when consuming professional services. It looks at the use of SERVQUAL as means of measuring consumer satisfaction and attempts to isolate the key factors and attributes used by decision makers to determine supplier choice. The results of the study are presented and discussed in respect to what communication action may increase awareness and loyalty in existing and potential buyers.