Cu—Al—Ni—Mn形状记忆合金高温残留浮突研究

利用金相观察与同步测量电阻的方法,发现 Cu—Al—Ni—Mn 合金直接淬火到 TAf 时,合金表面出现高温残留浮突,X 射线衍射分析证实这种浮突是变形母相。讨论了热循环对这种高温残留浮突的影响。     

含孔洞红砂岩破坏机理的离散元研究

含孔洞岩石破坏具有非连续、大变形的特点，离散元方法能真实反映岩石内部存在的微裂隙、断层、节理等缺陷，并能分析计算岩石破坏中的大变形情况。使用PFC软件建立红砂岩的离散元模型，研究单、双向应力情况下含孔洞红砂岩试件的破坏过程，分析含孔洞红砂岩的破坏机理。研究表明：与完整红砂岩试件相比，含孔洞红砂岩试件的峰值应力明显下降，峰值应力降低的程度与孔洞的形状（圆形、方形、马蹄形）相关；随着围压水平的提高，含孔洞红砂岩破坏峰值应力逐渐增大，且围压限制了初始拉伸裂纹的扩展，其最终的破坏形式与单轴压缩形式相似。     

Circular or angular? How nostalgia affects product shape preference

As an important marketing strategy, nostalgia marketing is widely used by enterprises to attract consumers and influence their decision-making. Besides, feelings of nostalgia can be easily elicited in people's daily life and exert a great impact on them. Though the effect of nostalgia on consumer behavior has been extensively studied, whether and how nostalgia affects consumer preference for products with certain visual designs remain underexplored. Our research extends this domain by focusing on product shape preference as a new downstream consequence of nostalgia. Five studies (including one field experiment) demonstrate that nostalgia can increase consumer preference for circular-shaped products, with social connectedness as the underlying driver. Moreover, the indirect effect of nostalgia on circular shape preference via social connectedness is moderated by consumers' current social connections, such that the effect holds true for consumers with a low number of current social connections but is eliminated for those with a high number of current social connections. Together, marketers seeking to increase the sales of circular-shaped products may use nostalgic elements or cues in marketing campaigns.     

The use of the Pareto shape parameter as a leading indicator of process safety performance

Metrics addressing process safety incident performance typically focus on frequency and severity statistics. Often, these lagging metrics are not overly sensitive to actual performance, making trending and forecasting difficult. This article presents the results from a statistical study of a large incident dataset where changes in the Pareto shape parameter were observed as a function of time. This approach has been found to give far better insight into process safety performance than traditional incident metrics and readily relates back to concepts such as the “incident triangle” and “layers of protection.” Through the application of this approach, trends within process safety incident performance have been observed earlier, and more accurate forecasting has allowed for the identification of anomalies. In turn, these critical observations have allowed for the better structuring and targeting of process safety programs. Although incident data are generally considered as a lagging indicator, this approach has clearly reduced the lag time associated with this type of data and has given valuable insight into the current status of process safety performance. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009