论旅游服务提供者在包价旅游合同中的法律地位及责任

针对旅游服务提供者的法律地位及责任问题,《关于审理旅游纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》和《旅游法》都设置了若干规则,但其中某些规则值得商榷。在包价旅游合同中,旅游服务提供者并非旅游合同当事人,而是向债权人(旅游者)履行义务的第三人,也是《合同法》第121条中的第三人。旅游服务提供者是否属于旅游经营者的履行辅助人,在我国《合同法》对旅游合同中的违约责任不以过错为要件的背景下并不重要。旅游经营者无干涉、控制可能的公共交通运营者仍应属于旅游服务提供者。根据《合同法》第64条,旅游者对旅游服务提供者应享有履行合同义务或承担违约责任的直接请求权。因旅游服务提供者的原因而致旅游者人身损害或财产损失的,《旅游法》施行以后,旅游服务提供者与旅游经营者承担的是不真正连带责任。     

Gender Mainstreaming and Corporate Social Responsibility: Reporting Workplace Issues

This paper investigates the potential and actual contribution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to gender equality in a framework of gender mainstreaming (GM). It introduces GM as combining technical systems (monitoring, reporting, evaluating) with political processes (women’s participation in decision-making) and considers the ways in which this is compatible with CSR agendas. It examines the inclusion of gender equality criteria within three related CSR tools: human capital management (HCM) reporting, CSR reporting guidelines, and socially responsible investment (SRI) criteria on employee and diversity issues. Although evidence is found of gender equality information being requested within several CSR related reporting frameworks, these requirements are mostly limited in scope, or remain optional elements. The nature and extent of relevant stakeholder opportunities are investigated to explain this unfulfilled potential.     

水利建设项目社会后评价初探

论述了水利建设项目社会后评价的概念和特点,对水利建设项目社会后评价的主要内容和方法进行了探讨,认为社会后评价在整个水利建设项目评价工作中占有非常重要的地位,需要在实践中不断总结,不断完善,建立更加适合我国国情的水利建设项目社会后评价的理论和方法体系。     

The Importance of Social Capital to the Management of Multinational Enterprises: Relational Networks Among Asian and Western Firms

Social capital is an important concept for multinational firms. Firms operating in global markets rarely have adequate resources to compete effectively in global markets; they access the needed resources through formal and informal relationships with other firms. The cultures in Asian countries have emphasized relationships much more strongly than Western firms. Thus, relational capital, based on guanxi (China), kankei (Japan) and inmak (Korea), provides the framework for business dealings in many Asian countries. As a result, the social capital of many Asian firms gives them a potential competitive advantage in global markets. Western firms must develop social capital and learn to manage relational networks to gain and sustain a competitive advantage in global markets. Western firms can learn how to develop and manage social capital from Asian firms. Alternatively, social capital has some disadvantages. Firms are limited by their networks and thus experience opportunity costs and path dependence. Additionally, while Asian firms often have strong network ties in their domestic markets, they have to develop many more ties globally to operate effectively in global markets. As a result, the development and management of social capital has become of critical importance for competitive advantage in global markets.     

Social identity, inequality and conflict

I extend the standard materialistic rational choice model of conflict to consider groups. In particular, I consider how the aggregate amount of conflict in society depends on which groups form and oppose each other. The study is motivated by empirical findings about the relationship between inequality, conflict and economic development. I focus on a salient comparison: ethnic groups vs. social classes. I show that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, class conflict is not necessarily worse than ethnic conflict. In fact, ethnic conflict is general worse when the distribution of income is more equal. I also investigate the impact of the fact that while ethnicity is immutable, since there is social mobility, class is not. I show that the direct impact of mobility of conflict is as conventionally believed, but that there are important indirect effects which make the net effect ambiguous. Received: June, 1998 / Accepted: November 22, 1999     

Implementing Sustainability Reporting （SR）： （Neo-） Institutional Theory Insights in the Analysis of the SGR Group,Italy and CityGas,Bulgaria

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the corporate characteristics and contextual factors influence the choice of managers in initiating the sustainability report/reporting （SR） and to understand the role of organisational dynamics. The research design develops through a deductive and inductive approach. The deductive approach is based on an analysis of the Social and Environmental Accounting Research （SEAR） strands which use the theoretical framework of （neo-） institutional theory to inquire the adoption and diffusion of SR. The inductive method is based on a research case that focuses on the SGR Group. ＂How can the rico-institutional theory help explain the process of SGR＇s SR implementation in Italian and Bulgarian companies＂？ The study identifies both the internal and contextual factors associated with the SR development and the regulative, normative, and cognitive dimensions/factors that affect the implementation and institutionalisation of SR in Italy and Bulgaria, in accordance with the different institutional environments in which the social and sustainability accounting projects are developed.     

学校社会工作应对新时期高校学生问题的潜力

新时期高校学生工作中存在若干棘手的问题,文章通过对学校社会工作的工作理念、工作职能、工作方法等方面与目前高校学生工作进行对比,来剖析挖掘学校社会工作应对新时期高校学生问题的潜力。     

交易成本与关系型契约的思考

契约成本问题一直是现代经济理论关注的焦点。本文从新制度经济学的相关理论出发,通过对交易成本加以界定和划分,试图探讨关系型契约的边界、产权特征和交易成本之间的关系。     

西方规划理论新思潮与社会公平

对西方规划理论新思潮中可能促进资源公平配置的相关方面进行评述,对比其各自特点,理清相互间的逻辑联系,明确权力制衡下公众参与的基础作用以及联络性规划、新城市主义理论在规划方法层面上的创新,并在分析我国特定规划背景的前提下,探索这些理论对于中国城市规划促进社会公平的启示和可能的实践指导。     

高职生假期社会实践与就业能力培养相结合浅议

通过学习和实践,对高职学生进行假期社会实践与就业能力培养相结合的重要意义有了深刻的认识,这是高职院校进行就业能力培养的一种有效途径。同时,文章还对这个实践开展的具体内容、方法进行了介绍。