A new innovation paradigm: European cohesion policy and the retreat of public science in countries in Europe's scientific periphery

This article seeks to undertake a critical assessment of the changing position of public science in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the countries on the periphery of European research. These countries are driven by new innovation paradigm based on entrepreneurship, which are implemented within the European Smart specialization strategy (S3). This article argues that S3 is widely implemented in the cohesion countries and, while it provides substantial resources for science, technology, and innovation, it fails to provide sustainability in the public research sector. This has direct implications for policies concerning innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to prove the thesis, the article provides theoretical argumentation for emergence of a new innovation paradigm, driven by the rise of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, its incorporation into S3, and a consequent retreat of science policy in favor of entrepreneurial policy. The empirical analysis is focused on the funding trends seen in the business and public research sectors over the last decade (2008–2017), which have clearly shown that S3 has not contributed, despite expectations, to an increase in public expenditure for science. This signifies S3's neglect of public research within entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges the ability of S3 to reduce wide disparities in research and innovation performance across the European Union. This ultimately endangers the innovation potential of the entrepreneurial ecosystem itself.     

Digital sport entrepreneurial ecosystems

The entrepreneurial ecosystems literature has increasingly explored network relationships between different stakeholders, as well as the role of context. This article addresses the challenge of including a sport context in the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature thereby contributing to the sport entrepreneurship literature by bringing insights from entrepreneurship ecosystem research. In‐depth interviews of football stakeholders in the sport entrepreneurship ecosystem are conducted in terms of understanding the emergence of digital sport start‐ups. The issues raised help explore the changing nature of digital entrepreneurial ecosystems to take into account new sport technological advances. Mixed embeddedness theory is used as the conceptual foundation to understand sport digital entrepreneurial ecosystems. Key management practices are identified in terms of sport start‐ups participating in entrepreneurial ecosystems. The article concludes by making suggestions for future research.     

Social media-based analysis of cultural ecosystem services and heritage tourism in a coastal region of Mexico

Understanding spatial patterns of visitation and benefits accrued to different types of natural and cultural heritage tourists may have important implications for the sustainable management of their destinations. We investigate cultural services accrued to local, domestic and international visitors to the Usumacinta floodplain, a coastal region with one of the highest biological and cultural diversities in Mexico. We combine analysis of social media photographs and high-resolution land cover mapping to identify different cultural services and their association with specific ecosystem and land cover types. Hotspots for international tourists are spatially restricted to well-known and accessible sites. Locals are 2.2–2.5 times more likely than international visitors to be associated with aesthetic appreciation and birdwatching. Locals upload more photographs of coastal lagoons, mangroves, beach and sea. Results are analyzed in light of land cover changes in the region and provide valuable information to decision makers for improved tourism management and conservation strategies.     

论国土空间生态修复基本逻辑

研究目的:阐释国土空间生态修复的基本逻辑,支撑新时期国土空间生态修复从区域自主治理向全域空间设计的战略转型。研究方法:文献综述分析法,逻辑推理法,系统回顾法。研究结果:基于国土空间"要素—格局—过程—服务"级联框架及全域耦合关联,针对目标、对象、区位及途径厘清国土空间生态修复的基本逻辑:以提升人类生态福祉而非生态系统服务潜在供给增长为核心修复目标,国土空间社会—生态要素为基本修复对象,构建多尺度协同的生态安全格局识别重点修复地域,秉承多层级协同次优而非单层级最优的主导修复途径。研究结论:国土空间生态修复的本质在于修复人地冲突、强化人地协同,"修"的是人与自然不和谐的相处方式,"复"的是生态系统退化或受损的结构、过程、功能及服务;国土空间生态修复的对象、区位及途径均以修复目标为导向。     

国土空间开发强度与资源环境承载时空耦合及规划启示——以江苏省为例

研究目的:基于开发与保护的平衡问题,分析2009年和2018年江苏省县域单元国土空间开发强度与资源环境承载的耦合特征,并提出优化国土空间规划的策略。研究方法:指标体系评价法、耦合度与协调度模型。研究结果:(1)江苏省国土空间开发强度呈现出随时间推进式的同步增加和空间集聚效应,高强度国土空间开发具有明显的"一圈一带"特征;(2)资源环境承载伴随经济发展而压力增加,且呈现出南高北低的空间分布格局;(3)开发强度与资源环境承载力之间的耦合度与耦合协调度均有所提高,但以拮抗耦合、轻度失调和濒临失调为主;苏南地区耦合协调水平高于苏北地区,但开发强度与资源环境承载之间的整体协调性不高。研究结论:新时期国土空间规划需要把握开发强度与资源环境承载力的刚性和弹性,统筹耦合协调的时效性和关联性,优化区域发展模式,实现国土空间的合理开发与综合利用。     

基于多源数据的国土空间高质量利用评价思路

研究目的：新时代国土空间规划背景下,提出利用多源数据评价国土空间高质量利用的思路,为辅助编制高质量的国土空间规划提供支撑。研究方法：文献分析法、归纳演绎法。研究结果：在国土空间规划新趋势下,以国土空间高质量利用内涵为引导,提出生态空间、农业空间和城镇空间的高质量利用目标与评价维度,并构建了基于多源数据的国土空间高质量利用的评价方法框架。研究结论：国土空间高质量利用评价应在统筹各类空间不同目标间关系的基础上,结合研究和实践需要,因地制宜进行评价,进而形成各空间的发展合力,推进国土空间的高质量利用。     

全球视角下生态系统服务付费的国际经验与评价

将生态系统服务付费(PES)工具分为经济类和非经济类两种,根据生态服务生产者和付费者的支付意愿,进一步细分为双方自愿支付、集体自愿支付、强制双方支付、强制集体支付四种具体的PES制度,通过分类介绍PES机制在全球的各种实践案例,归纳PES机制成功推行的共同点,分析PES系统的社会和环境挑战与由此产生的生物多样性风险之间的关系。     

南阳和襄樊两地旅游发展的矛盾及对策探讨

南阳和襄樊都有着比较丰富的旅游资源,但两地在旅游业发展上存在着巨大的矛盾,严重制约着两地旅游整体效益的发挥.在分析两地旅游业发展的现状以及存在的矛盾基础上,论述了两地之间的合作优势,提出两地应该转变观念、进行合作,共塑"诸葛亮躬耕地"这一旅游地品牌形象等措施.     

美国城市公园评价体系的内容、应用 及启示——以ParkScore指数为例

中国快速城镇化的过程伴随着各类城市绿地公园的 规划建设。对城市公园系统综合质量的科学评价关系着城市开 放空间品质的提升、居民生活质量的提高和公共服务设施规划 水平的进步。以ParkScore指数为例,对美国城市公园综合 评价系统的建设过程、评价标准和指标体系进行系统介绍和特 征评述,总结分析其在城市规划实践和研究中的应用,提出我 国应完善城市空间数据库建设、引入以人为本的评价指标和加 强指标体系建立过程的有效性等建议措施,旨在为我国城市公 园综合评价系统建设提供借鉴。     

基于BD-GIS耦合模型的北京奥林匹克 森林公园景观优化策略研究

随着城市人口的增加和人们健康意识的增强,近年 来城市公园的使用率呈现迅速上升趋势。手机等智能电子设备 的高速发展,使人们可以在户外运动中监测自身活动轨迹、距 离和能量消耗等。以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例,通过手机 信令、微博、百度POI等大数据与GIS技术结合,构建依托大 数据的GIS耦合模型,从游人的行为需求出发对公园的慢跑游 线、景点热度、游人空间分布等进行使用后量化评价,并针对 问题提出北京奥林匹克森林公园的景观优化策略。结果显示大 数据与GIS的结合可以为公园的景观优化提供客观且理性的整 改依据,从而更科学地指导城市公园的景观提升。