The micro-foundations of intertemporal price discrimination

Summary. This paper investigates the optimality of intertemporal price discrimination for a durable-good monopoly in a model where infinitely-lived households face an intertemporal budget constraint, and consume both durable goods and non-durable goods. We prove that the optimal price of the durable good is not constant, and may decrease or increase over time. Some households may choose to purchase the durable good at a later date, and pay lower or higher prices, since the gain in discounted utility of consuming more of the non-durable good more than compensates for the loss in utility from delaying the consumption of the durable good.Received: 12 March 2004, Revised: 7 January 2005, JEL Classification Numbers: D40, D42, D91.I would like to thank C.D. Aliprantis, the Editor, and an anonymous referee for their generous advice, and constructive comments and suggestions. I have also enjoyed discussions with John Quah on the subject. Research support from the Wharton-SMU Research Centre, Singapore Management University, is gratefully acknowledged.     

World Oil Depletion Models: Price effects compared with strategic or technological interventions

World oil depletion, including natural gas liquids, was modelled in the past by many authors. Recently, Guseo and Dalla Valle have introduced and Guidolin has applied a new approach following perturbed life-cycle diffusion models. Here we examine joint effects of economic and strategic or technological interventions using a Generalized Bass Model (GBM). Statistical analysis takes into account three different hierarchical levels: natural diffusion, long memory interventions and stochastic components. The main results confirm the statistical significance of historical 1970s shocks and highlight a strong long memory effect due to an increase in oil production after World War II. The estimated peak-date, 2007, and the 90% depletion time, 2019, are determined under an equilibrium intervention hypothesis.     

Competitive supply behavior when price information is fuzzy

The theory of fuzzy sets is applied to the output decisions of a price-taking firm facing imprecise information about expected future prices. Accepting risk resulting from the randomness of prices, the manager is interested in expected profits only. Since the set of possible expected-price vectors is fuzzy, a suitable defuzzification strategy is defined in analogy to the pessimism-optimism index proposed by L. Hurwicz. It depends on the manager's willingness to accept surprises resulting from a deviation of the true expected prices from the values that guided output decisions. Despite a linear cost function, well specified solutions to the optimization problem are possible without resorting to capacity constraints.     

我国旅游价格管理：现状、改革背景与政策分析

旅游业发展是一项复杂的系统工程，需要各相关行业和各项政策措施的配套协调。由于旅游价格的杠杆效应，如何应对入世给我国旅游业带来的挑战，改革并完善与国际接轨的旅游价格管理新体制是每一个旅游价格管理工作者应当思考的现实问题。     

会计信息质量与市场定价分析

本文以应计质量、盈余持续性、盈余可预测性、盈余平滑度作为会计信息质量的代理变量,通过研究会计信息不同纬度的质量与权益资本成本之间的关系,为投资者的市场定价及对信息质量的关注程度提供证据。研究结果表明,除盈余的持续性不显著外,其他各项质量与权益资本成本之间均呈负相关关系;在对权益资本成本的影响程度方面,无论是单独影响还是条件影响,应计质量影响程度最大,其次是可预测性。     

International Comparisons of Australia's Infrastructure Performance

International benchmarking has played a key role in the reform of Australia's infrastructure industries by promoting indirect or yardstick competition, in highlighting the need for further reform and building a consensus for implementing necessary changes. The international benchmarking of infrastructure performance by the Bureau of Industry Economics (BIE) between 1991 and 1996 did much to focus attention on the need for change. The BIE examined the performance of eight infrastructure industries relative to international best practice: electricity, rail freight, telecommunications, the waterfront, road freight, coastal shipping, aviation and gas supply. Performance comparisons concentrated on indicators of price, service quality, labour productivity and capital productivity. This paper reviews and summarises the performance comparisons the BIE undertook over the last three years of its infrastructure benchmarking program. The BIE international benchmarking program provides a useful role model for other countries wanting to seriously pursue reform of their infrastructure industries.     

含价格折扣、允许缺货的两级供应链库存模型

研究一个供应商、多个销售商组成的两级供应链库存系统,针对具有价格弹性的市场需求、含有价格折扣、允许供应商和销售商产生缺货以及满足供应商和销售商Pareto有效性的情况,建立了使供应链系统整体盈利最大的存贮模型。并结合算例分析了价格弹性因子对系统盈利水平的影响。     

后发劣势:对后发国家发展战略的深层思考

随着国内外环境的改变和后发劣势的增加,曾经是后发国家最优战略选择的日、韩模式已失去了其存在的基础,盲目模仿反而会造成政府与市场的双重失灵;而作为当前最优制度选择的西方成熟的民主市场经济加宏观调控体制,则由于国情相异太大,后发国家难以模仿;在这种背景下,作为次优战略选择的民主宪政加自由市场模式就成为大部分后发国家当前的最佳选择.     

对企业技术创新自我实现的经济学分析

本文从经济学的理论角度分析了企业技术创新自我实现的可能性。分析发现：产品被成熟生产后的产量与资本报酬和资本边际生产率的大小有直接关系。因此，企业发展内部本身就可以通过市场供需调节来实现创新的循环和延续。从这一点上说，国家对于企业技术创新的鼓励政策应该更加依靠市场机制的作用。     

城市土地价格波动对房地产业的影响——1999～2005年中国20城市的实证分析

本文利用1999～2005年间的数据对我国地价与房价的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果表明房价对地价有显著影响,地价对房价的影响度较小.在对地价与房价互动传导机制进行研究时,提出了3个传导路径,这些路径上的各个变量大都相互影响.通过分析我们还发现金融支持和土地政策在地价与房价变动中扮演着重要角色,抑制房价不能只控制土地价格,还应从金融支持、投资等方面着手,制定更严格的信贷制度,增加房地产交易税和提高居民可支配收入.本文的研究对于政府制定正确的货币政策和房地产业政策具有积极的参考意义.