珠江三角洲地区标志性形象空间配置研究

影响城市标志性形象空间配置的因子包括生态背景值、地域特色性、形象元素组合性、节点及节点等级性、区位指向性等.珠江三角洲地区标志性形象空间配置存在较多问题,如空间分布极不均衡,现代标志性建筑较多而缺少岭南地域特色,可营销的标志性少等.鉴于该区域标志性形象空间配置现状,在综合分析各影响因素的基础上,提出深挖岭南地域特色,系统开发标志性题材,配置多级、多层次的标志性形象,有计划建设标志性景观形象识别系统等对策,认为在标志性形象管理上应规划先行,实施政府主导的整合营销战略,把标志性形象作为一个城市的公共产品来经营管理.     

“We do what we must,and call it by the best names”: Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?

Research summary: This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an “illegitimacy discount,” atypical organizations may use deliberate names—names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership—to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis—even after controlling for fund performance—having a deliberate name mitigated this effect. Managerial summary: Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an “illegitimacy discount” whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds—funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways—use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the “illegitimacy discount.” Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy—for instance, choosing the name “Apex Global Macro Capital” over simply “Apex Capital.” Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sustainability and legitimacy theory: The case of sustainable social and environmental practices of small and medium-sized enterprises

The aim of this paper is to identify and gain insights into small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) rationales (why) for engaging in sustainable social and environmental practices (SEPs) that influence social and environmental policy and sustainability changes. Specifically, we depart from the predominately quantitative-orientated SEPs literature by conducting in-depth interviews and analysis of owners and managers of SMEs in the United Kingdom within a legitimacy theoretical framework. Our findings from a comprehensive number of interviewees show that SMEs employ a complex mix of both symbolic and substantive SEPs with the aim of enhancing the legitimacy and sustainability of their operations. The results emphasise the strengths of social engagement, reputation and image, environmental embeddedness, industry differentiation and education facilitators. In particular, the paper shows that legitimating strategies can have a dual purpose of being symbolic in nature but also inferring a substantive legitimacy claim. Evidence of SMEs maintaining their legitimacy position stretches further via either a moral and/or a pragmatic standpoint.     

Re-imagining the growth process: (co)-evolving metaphorical representations of entrepreneurial growth

We investigate the role and influence of the biological metaphor ‘growth’ in studies of organizations, specifically in entrepreneurial settings. We argue that we need to reconsider metaphorical expressions of growth processes in entrepreneurship studies in order to better understand growth in the light of contemporary challenges, such as environmental concerns. Our argument is developed in two stages: first, we review the role of metaphor in organization and entrepreneurship studies. Second, we reflect critically on three conceptualizations of growth that have drawn on biological metaphors: the growing organism, natural selection and co-evolution. We find the metaphor of co-evolution heuristically valuable but under-used and in need of further refinement. We propose three characteristics of the co-evolutionary metaphor that might enrich our understanding of entrepreneurial growth: relational epistemology, collectivity and multidimensionality. Through this we provide a conceptual means of reconciling an economic impetus for entrepreneurial growth with an environmental imperative for sustainability.     

疾病的隐喻认知与大学英语阅读教学

在大学英语阅读教学中,应从扩充词汇量、把握宏观语篇、输入文化背景三个方面分析疾病语篇的认知理据和分布特征,培养学生的隐喻能力,提高学生的阅读水平。     

实体隐喻——新概念的源泉

文章从认知--功能视角讨论隐喻的产生、特征和功能,论述了它是新概念产生的源泉;阐述隐喻形成新概念的基本方法和途径,这对隐喻的正确理解和翻译都有较好的参考意义.     

From admiration to abhorrence: the contentious appeal of entrepreneurship across Europe

Although entrepreneurship seems to offer a universal economic solution, there are some doubts about whether it is universally attractive. We argue that entrepreneurship is a socially constructed concept and consequently the meanings, and hence the appeal, of the enterprise will vary internationally. We argue that how entrepreneurship is understood affects how attractive it seems. Accordingly, we investigated the meanings of entrepreneurship by analysing a range of metaphors of entrepreneurship gathered from schools across Europe. We found that both the meaning and understandings of the practices vary considerably. For most, the concept of entrepreneurship as an engine of the economy is attractive, but for some, the practices of entrepreneurs were considerably less appealing. We find links between national socio-economic contexts and attractiveness. We argue that culture and context seem to influence the social constructions of entrepreneurship and hence the attractiveness of entrepreneurial options. We also find that the pedagogical national narratives of the entrepreneur stand in dynamic tension with the performative national processes of entrepreneurship.     

关于“艾斯特”定义的几点探讨——基于逻辑学视角

文章介绍了"艾斯特"定义从德语国家起源并传播至国内的过程,以逻辑学作为工具对其进行分析,指出因其在表述中包含隐喻而不是真实定义,可以将其认定为名义定义。其学术价值在于界定一个新的认知对象。对当前关于"旅游"定义的属概念进行分析后发现,这些定义并非是关于同一个概念的定义;应科学地对不同的定义进行比较和分析。关于"旅游现象"的不同定义未必相互矛盾。正确的定义对于指导旅游发展的实践工作、引领旅游学术研究均具有其独特的作用。当前关于"艾斯特"定义的部分观点有失偏颇,它并不是一个循环定义,不应为当前存在的一些问题负责。在新的历史环境下,应坚持在将其作为一个语词定义的前提下认识其与新的社会事实之间的冲突和矛盾,对"艾斯特"定义的学习和研究还应该在争论中继续深入。     

基于语言学理论的高校英语教学探讨

在大学英语教学中,教师应掌握一定的语言学理论知识,用语言学理论指导教学实践,采取相应的教学方法,推动教学改革的深入发展。     

英汉疾病隐喻的关联认知阐释——兼谈对英语教学的启示

疾病隐喻是人们将熟知的、常见的一些其他领域的概念映射到疾病领域而产生的,它也是一种以话语为框架、以词为焦点的话语现象。疾病隐喻的使用与理解实际上都是受关联原则支配的,可以运用语用学的关联认知理论对疾病隐喻的产生与理解机制进行阐释,这对英语教学方面也具有一定的启示。