On the efficiency of the negligence rule

The three versions of the negligence rule discussed in the literature differ regarding whether a negligent injurer is liable for the entire loss or only for the incremental loss; or regarding whether negligence is defined as failure to take at least due care or failure to take a cost‐justified precaution. It is shown in the paper that the incremental version with untaken precaution notion of negligence is not efficient; not even for the unilateral case. The paper also establishes, for the bilateral case, the efficiency of the incremental version with the shortfall‐from‐due‐care way of defining negligence.     

Learning from R&D outsourcing vs. learning by R&D outsourcing

We analyze how research and development (R&D) outsourcing influences product innovation. We propose a separation between learning from R&D outsourcing, whereby the firm improves its ability to innovate by using outsourced R&D directly in new products, from learning by R&D outsourcing, whereby the firm indirectly uses outsourced R&D by integrating it with internal R&D to create new products. Building on the knowledge-based view, we argue that learning from R&D outsourcing is likely to have an inverse U-shaped relationship with product innovation, because the initial benefits of using outsourced component R&D knowledge to innovate products is eventually outweighed by the hollowing out of the firm's ability to innovate. In contrast, we propose that learning by R&D outsourcing is likely to have a U-shaped relationship with product innovation, because the initial challenges of integrating internal and external R&D are eventually overcome, resulting in more innovations. Finally, we distinguish between domestic and foreign R&D outsourcing and propose a liability of foreignness in R&D outsourcing as it has a lower impact on new products than domestic R&D outsourcing. The empirical analysis shows that outsourced R&D has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the number of new products, while the interaction between outsourced R&D and internal R&D has a U-shaped relationship with the number of new products. It also shows that domestic outsourced R&D has a higher positive impact on the number of new products than foreign outsourced R&D.     

广东“债转股”研究

“债转股”是国家为了深化国有企业改革、实现国有大中型企业三年扭亏脱困目标而采取的一项重要措施。从广东1999年下半年开始进行“债转股”三年多的实践来看,“债转股”对促进国有企业扭亏增盈、建立现代企业制度、增强企业发展后劲起到了明显的作用,但债转股过程中也存在着股权变现难度大、转制成本过高等问题,亟需采取相关措施加以解决。     

The Determinants Of The Adoption Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

The paper investigates empirically the decision of firms to adopt ‘Advanced Manufacturing Technologies’ (AMT) based on a comprehensive specification of a ‘rank model’ of technology adoption using firm-level data for Swiss manufacturing. The explanatory variables include numerous dimensions of (anticipated) benefits from and costs of technology adoption allowing for uncertainty as well as for information and adjustment costs. Moreover, the effect of complementarities between various functional groups of AMT (design, fabrication, communication, etc.) as well as of learning from the use of previous technology vintages within such functional groups is analyzed, Finally, the size-dependence of the adoption decision is studied in detail. The model yields a quite robust pattern of explanation across estimates with different adoption variables (time period of introduction of AMT, intensity of use of AMT, etc.) with plausible differences of the results based on the alternative adoption measures used.     

Institutionalism and New Trade Theory: Rethinking Comparative Advantage and Trade Policy

Gomory and Baumol (2000), and Samuelson (2004) have raised concerns about international trade’s future impact on U.S. national income. The focus is how globalization may affect the size and distribution across countries of gains from trade. Though their analysis is developed using a pure trade theoretical framework, it has strands in common with institutionalist thinking. Their findings spotlight the need for a new U.S. trade policy agenda aimed at maximizing the U.S. share of gains from trade, and complementing conventional Keynesian open economy macroeconomic analysis.     

农民工工资收入偏低分析——现实、宏观效应与原因

农民工工资收入长期处于一个较低的水平,然而,农民工对我国GDP及其增长做出了巨大的贡献。农民工对GDP增长的高贡献与其较低的工资收入水平导致了我国社会有效需求不足。农民工工资收入偏低的核心机制是古典产权制度下的工资市场定位。因此,要解决这个问题,必须进行相应的经济体制改革,构建和谐社会。     

猕猴桃产业发展的奇迹——新西兰猕猴桃的案例启示

中国已是世界上最大的猕猴桃生产国,但产品出口仅占全球的2%.而新西兰从猕猴桃原产地中国引入猕猴桃后,一跃成为目前世界上最大的猕猴桃出口国.文章深入研究新西兰猕猴桃产业发展和创新的经验,包括采用"Kiwigreen"生产措施,成立生产者控股的"Zespri"公司,对猕猴桃实行统一的"Zespri <'TM>"品牌营销和培育猕猴桃新品种等;同时分析了中国猕猴桃产业发展存在的问题和不足,提出发挥中国猕猴桃原产国的优势,积极培育红心猕猴桃等新品种,提升猕猴桃产品质量以及实施以"地理标志保护"为特色的品牌营销等对策建议.这些有助于挖掘中国猕猴桃产业的潜力,促进中国从猕猴桃生产大国向出口大国转变.     

退耕还林政策对吴起县农民收入影响的实证分析

基于C—D生产函数模型思路,运用索洛增长方程式,对陕西吴起县退耕还林后农民收入的增长情况进行了分析,重点分析了退耕还林政策对吴起县农业生产各要素收入弹性的影响,结论是吴起县的退耕还林政策有效的改善了各生产要素的收入弹性,从而显著地提高了农民收入。     

社会保障"费"改"税":社会保障制度改革的必由之路

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制改革的不断深化,我国社会保障事业得到了很大发展,但在实践当中,现行社会保障基金筹集方式--统筹缴费无法为社会保障提供稳定的资金来源.开征社会保障税,应成为当前我国社会保障制度改革与完善的必由之路.     

用煤矸石和湖底淤泥生产烧结泡沫砖的研究

泡沫墙体材料具有良好的绝热性能,有利于提高建筑物的节能性.文章重点介绍了用煤矸石和湖底淤泥生产烧结泡沫砖的工艺方法及产品的相关性能,为综合利用煤矸石提供了一个新的途径.