Regulating Marketing Communications on the Internet

Abstract

Cybersquatters register internet domain names matching trademarks owned by other individuals or companies, intending to coerce payments before relinquishing that domain name to the rightful trademark owner. As online commerce expanded, so too has trademark infringement complaints concerning internet domain names. Congress passed two acts in recent years to deal with the controversy, the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995, also known as Section 43(c) of the Lanham Trademark Act, and the more recent Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act of 1999, also known as Section 43(d) of the Lanham Trademark Act. Causes for action, defenses, and remedies are discussed for both. This article analyzes their impact.     

对我国实施自主品牌战略的思考

自主品牌已得到越来越多的重视,但在许多问题上还没有述成共识。在国际化背景下,应从控制权角度对自主品牌进行界定,并由政府推动实施自主品牌战略,对企业和消费者行为进行引导以及为自主品牌建设创造良好的外部环境。     

论商标法对公共利益的促进

商标具有公共产品和私人产品的双重属性。商标法是一个激励竞争、鼓励执法、制裁违法、建立市场经济秩序的法律。它通过对商标权人"专用权性使用权"的保护和对公众"参照性使用权"的保护纠正了市场失灵,保护了消费者权益,提高了市场效率,促进了有序竞争,并增加了人类精神财富的积累。     

中国商标遭境外抢注的现状、原因及对策分析

随着中国企业的不断壮大以及国际化进程的加快,越来越多地受到商标壁垒的阻碍,从而使企业的国际化进程受到阻碍。中国企业应提高自身知识产权的保护意识,利用有关的国际或地区性条约协定或法律,选择合适的代理机构,办理商标的海外注册。当商标被抢注后,企业、政府、行业协会和媒体应共同应对,以减少给企业造成的经济损失。     

我国涉外定牌加工商标侵权司法认定之演进及反思

涉外定牌加工行为是否构成商标侵权在国际条约和我国国内法上没有直接的规定。我国司法机关早期以商标权地域性为基础,认为受托方加工相同产品、贴附相同商标并交付至境外的行为构成商标侵权,后来逐渐转变态度,认定受托方的行为属于“非商标使用”,不构成商标侵权。“非商标使用”虽然为认定受托方不构成商标侵权提供了理论便利,但与常识相悖,也难以自洽。在面对日益复杂的涉外定牌加工案件时,以该理论全面替代混淆性判断,无法精细平衡涉外定牌加工委托方和商标权人之间的利益。我国法院近年考察涉外定牌加工受托方的必要审查注意义务,则是将涉外定牌加工受托方定位为商标侵权的帮助者,这与其倡导的“非商标使用”思路自相矛盾,进一步导致法律适用的混乱。应限制“非商标使用”理论的适用,回归传统的商标侵权认定。     

论企业营销的品牌意识

21世纪的企业竞争是品牌竞争。我国企业应树立品牌意识,在营销中实施生产规模扩大化、经营集团化、多样化、国际化的品牌战略,同时应注意产品质量要赶超国际标准;采用高新技术;创特色品牌;注意品牌保护。     

Trademark Law and Litigation in China

This article deals with trade relations between the EC and Japan by focusing on the automobile industry. It analyzes the performance of the European and Japanese car manufacturers in the EC market. It examines quantitative import restrictions as well as non-tariff restrictions such as technical regulations, the value-added system, state aid to European car producers, exclusive distribution system, and "rule of origin" requirements. The article also discusses how the Japanese car producers are reacting to the EC-92 program by pursuing at least three strategies.     

TRADE‐OFFS AND RIP‐OFFS: IMITATION‐LED INDUSTRIALISATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF TRADEMARK LAW IN HONG KONG*

Hong Kong's development as an industrial exporter was advantaged by a flexible institutional regime, which generated gains from imitation‐led industrialisation and which allowed the mobilisation of public and private resources to enable a transition to a more stringent enforcement regime for intellectual property. Fragmentary industrial structures raised monitoring costs for trademark proprietors and gave opportunities for infringers to exploit information asymmetries. However, colonial state building, the formation of specialist markets in knowledge, and collective actions by business groups caused the law to evolve. These overlapping processes of formal and informal institutional change were mutually reinforcing.     

浅谈外文商标汉译的原则与方法

随着全球经济一体化,越来越多的外国品牌进入中国。把外文商标翻译成为中国消费者所接受的汉语版也成为一种需求。本文讨论了外文商标汉译应遵循的原则,并通过实际案例对各种常用的翻译方法进行了分析。     

论我国商标权的刑法保护

本文从刑事立法着手,探讨了对商标权犯罪中“同一商品”和服务商标能否成为侵犯商标权犯罪的犯罪对象的理解,明晰商标权犯罪对象,并从驰名商标的特殊刑事保护和反向假冒行为犯罪化处理两个角度提出完善商标权刑法保护的构想。