传统农业时代乡村粮食安全水平估测

传统农业时代中国单位面积的粮食产量长期在世界处于领先地位,农业技术水平的提高在很大程度上降低了饥荒风险,减缓了饥荒的发生。隋唐以前粮食生产能力处于持续上涨阶段,粮食生产能力完全能够应对可能发生的饥荒,而且还可以供养更多的人口。宋元明时期粮食生产能力依然高于秦汉时期的水平。入清以后由于人口增殖过快,人口压力剧增,粮食供应空前紧张。清代中国人均粮食占有量倒退到2000多年前春秋战国时代的水平上,饥荒的频繁发生已经呈现出不可避免的恶化趋势。因此提高粮食产量水平成为20世纪中国最为关键的问题,在耕地资源基本开发殆尽的情况下,唯有采取改进农业技术提高单位面积产量的办法最为可行。战争和自然灾害是导致粮食波动的根本性因素,局部地区因此而出现粮食短缺,饥荒的发生成为可能。农民是粮食生产的主体力量,同时也是最易遭受饥荒危害的社会群体。中国传统社会农民生活水平长期处于贫困化的状态,直至20世纪中叶依然没有发生根本性变化。     

Traditional Management Systems, Poverty and Change in the Arid Zone Fisheries of Northern Nigeria

This paper, based on fieldwork results, explores traditional management systems (TMS) in the arid zone fisheries of north-eastern Nigeria with particular reference to their impact on rural poverty. The first section provides a historical background by tracing the evolution of the TMS since the nineteenth century, with reference to government policy on fisheries management and poverty alleviation. The second gives an overview of TMS, including definitions, distribution, principal objectives, regulatory mechanisms and the impact of TMS on the performance of the fisheries and on the livelihoods of rural people. The third considers the perceptions and attitudes of the fishing communities with regards to the fisheries and TMS. The paper concludes, paradoxically, that while TMS provide a basis for the sustainable livelihoods of many fishing people, they also reflect and enforce the social positions of the rich and powerful members of society who oversee them, at the expense of the poor. In the future, poverty alleviation in fisheries will need to incorporate both sectoral and non-sectoral strategies – dealing with the existing 'paradox of TMS' by encouraging appropriate institutional changes and community development, and recognizing the importance of employment creation in other sectors of the economy as a source of alternative income.     

Impacts of urban renewal on the place identity of local residents – a case study of Sunwenxilu traditional commercial street in Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,China

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the impacts of urban renewal on local residents’ place identity by examining the changes in local residents’ place identity in Sunwenxilu, a traditional commercial street in downtown Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China, which carried out urban renewal relatively early in modern China. Applying Breakwell’s [(2015). Risk: Social psychological perspectives. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Elsevier] identity process model and using the renewal process as a starting point, data concerning local residents’ place identity in Sunwenxilu were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and literature analysis. The results reveal that local residents had established a strong place identity on Sunwenxilu before it changed to be a community of “incompetents” in the 1990s. In the late 1990s, Sunwenxilu was transformed into a cultural tourism pedestrian street. Right after the transformation, local residents regained their self-esteem with the improvement of the physical environment and intensification of cultural symbols, and re-established their place continuity by maintaining their collective memories. However, a failure to improve the local residents’ self-efficiency of place during the “superficial” renewal had resulted in vulnerability of the local residents’ place identity in terms of self-esteem, continuity and distinctiveness, thus causing another crisis of place identity. Obviously, the construction of place identity results from the interaction of all elements, so too much emphasis on only one element may trigger a new identity crisis.     

论中国式管理的策略原则

中国式管理问题,是近年来学术界研究的热点,从中华民族五千年历史文化的挖掘中产生的种种管理创新理论层出不穷,但对于作为中国式管理重要组成部分的管理策略艺术问题,尚未能有深入地研究。本文在深入研究的基础上,第一次把中国式管理的策略艺术归纳为有道之识、无为之见、人本之思、和合之计、变易之术、中庸之道、人文化成和统筹兼顾等八个方面,系统地探讨了中国式管理艺术的基本原则问题。     

直读式粉尘浓度测量仪示值误差的测量不确定度评定

通过粉尘测量仪表检定装置对直读式粉尘浓度测量仪示值误差进行不确度评定。     

图式理论与读写模式的优化策略

图式理论是认知心理学家用以解释心理过程的理论。许多研究者应用该理论探析第二外语学习者在阅读过程中的思维模式及阅读理解产生的过程。阅读和写作不是两个分离的行为,而是同一过程的两个方面。以图式理论为基础,结合教学实例,建构阅读图式有三种途径：抓住单元主题丰富内容图式,分析篇章结构建立结构图式,操练语言丰富语言图式。将阅读图式应用于写作的“读写结合”模式,可有效提高学生的读写能力。     

传统储运企业向现代物流企业转型的策略研究 --基于资源整合和核心能力

本文分析了国内外物流企业资源整合和核心能力的研究状况,提出了基于资源整合和核心能力是企业成功转型的关键,同时分析了我国传统储运企业向现代物流企业转型的优势与劣势,提出了转型的具体策略。     

论对少年儿童阅读倾向的引导

正确认识和引导少年儿童的阅读倾向,并以此把握不同年龄段少年儿童的阅读规律,培养其健康的阅读兴趣和良好的阅读习惯,是图书馆少年儿童工作的重要职责。     

儿童阅读推广研究——以宁夏图书馆为例

解析儿童阅读推广的现状,指出儿童阅读推广与西方的差距,以及公共图书馆在这一活动中应当担负的重要角色,结合宁夏图书馆少儿阅览室阅读推广的实践活动,提出公共图书馆进行儿童阅读推广的措施。     

电子商务环境下网络审计面临的问题及解决对策

随着电子商务的迅速发展和广泛应用,电子商务环境下的网络审计面临许多问题。本文分析了电子商务的网络环境对传统审计的影响和目前我国网络审计存在的问题,并给出了相应的解决对策。