能源安全约束下的能源消费模式转换问题探讨

中国经济高速增长引致了能源消费需求急剧扩大,使得能源供需矛盾日益突出,而以煤为主的能源消费结构所造成的环境影响安全形势也日趋严峻.鉴于传统能源消费模式在环境与安全等方面存在的严重问题,中国应花大力气尽快实现能源消费模式的转换.     

国有银行制度变迁中政府的次优制度安排偏好分析

政府的制度安排服从于收益最大化目标是个动态优化的过程,它决定了国有银行绩效目标由社会目标优先逐步向自身绩效优先的转化.由于中央政府对公有产权保护的内在倾向性,强制性变迁方式下市场机制发育的不足,以及地方政府、国有银行本身以及国有企业等利益集团的利益约束等,政府具有对次优制度安排的选择偏好.最终国有银行制度安排的优化取决于外部环境的建设和政府市场角色的理性回归.     

小额贷款业务发展中的问题及转轨村镇银行的对策选择

小额贷款业务是对传统金融制度的一次创新,目前还存在着产品属性制约强、市场发展瓶颈大、贷款公司展基础薄、运行障碍多、帮扶效率低等诸多问题。我国目前试行小额贷款公司改制设立村镇银行的办法,需要借鉴小额贷款业务在国外发展的成功经验,结合我国农村金融发展实际,在小额贷款业务走向农村银行过程中采取放宽小额贷款公司股东数量限制、出台信贷业务准入规章制度以及尽快取消无抵押贷款的限制等对策措施,建立起合理、高效、服务农村经济发展的小额贷款制度。     

聚集全国科技资源 助推山西转型综改

当前,山西上下正在加快建设国家资源型经济转型综合配套改革试验区,努力实现发展方式由资源依赖型向创新驱动型转变。本文简要论述了山西转型发展的必要性,分析了山西科技资源现状,明确了科技资源相对缺乏与转型综改科技需求不相适应的突出问题,提出了从国家层面聚集科技资源,助推山西转型综改试验区建设的建议。     

中国经济转轨中社会资本存量的制约与重构

中国经济转轨时期的社会资本具有过渡的性质。随着市场化改革的深入,转轨时期社会资本存量的积极作用正在减退,已成为发展的制约因素。必须对现有的社会资本存量进行改造,增加现代意义社会资本的规模,以适应现代市场经济的需要。     

林业资源型城市经济转型扶持政策研究

资源型城市经济转型是一个巨大的系统工程,不仅要依靠资源型城市自身力量来完成,还需要中央和地方政府的有关政策扶持,林业资源型城市也不例外。论述林业资源型城市进行政策扶持的必要性。阐述一些西方国家针对不同类型的资源型城市的特点制定的一系列较为完善的扶持政策,如法国和德国主要依靠政府的干预,日本则通过产业政策对煤炭行业进行结构调整等政策促进城市经济顺利转型。在借鉴国外资源型城市转型扶持政策的基础上,提出促进黑龙江省林业资源型城市经济转型的扶持政策,即资源开发的补偿政策和衰退产业的扶持政策,及具体实施办法,以期促进林业资源型城市经济顺利转型。     

制度变迁的动因与效应分析

就制度变迁概念的各种观点作了较深入的比较分析,同时从利益动因、公平效应、效率效应和自由效应等方面阐述了制度变迁的形成原因。     

The role of collaborations in the development and implementation of sustainable livestock concepts in The Netherlands

This paper discusses the role of collaborations in the development and implementation of sustainable livestock farming. The study reflects upon the experiences with two innovative pig farming concepts in the Netherlands that aim to address sustainability-related concerns regarding the economic viability, environmental impact and social responsibility of livestock production. The findings show that collaborations can result in smarter and innovative solutions and provide support in the development of more sustainable farming concepts. The study also shows that collaborations do not safeguard the implementing of these concepts in practice. Pioneers are confronted with higher production costs and the complex context of agricultural policies and regulations. These pioneering efforts are, however, the seeds for change, and the key ingredient for a transition towards more sustainable production. We rely upon their innovations, social networks and learning experiences in the transition towards more sustainable production. Therefore, pioneers need to be protected from market influences and regulatory barriers, and supported by intermediaries when developing novelties for a more sustainable agriculture. The findings emphasize the need for more knowledge exchange and understanding between farmers, policy-makers and researchers to navigate towards a more sustainable agriculture in the future.     

Rural Economies and Transitions to Capitalism: Germany and England Compared (c.1200–c.1800)

Based on a synthesis of the empirical scholarship on England and Germany, this paper demonstrates that in both regions, rural socio‐economic developments from c.1200 to c.1800 are similar: this period witnesses the rise to numerical predominance and growing economic significance of the ‘sub‐peasant classes’, which had a growing impact on the market as a result of their increasing market dependence, and from which – towards the end of the period – a rural proletariat emerged. Against the influential theory of Robert Brenner, it is argued that the period c.1200–c.1400 cannot really be categorized as ‘feudal’ according to Brenner's definition; and ‘agrarian capitalism’ does not adequately describe the socio‐economic system that obtained by the end of the sixteenth century. A genuine transition to capitalism is only evident from after c.1750, and can be found in Germany as well as in England; it is predicated both on ideological shifts and on the evolution of the rural proletariat, which is only found in large numbers by or after c.1800.     

农村金融体系的制度创新

我国现有农村金融体系的制度性缺陷已成为制约解决“三农”问题的瓶颈,阻碍了金融与经济的良性循环,已不适应农业和农村经济发展的需要。以制度经济学为理论依据,可以发现制度变迁的路径依赖、制度变迁的成本和公共选择的结果影响着我国农村金融体系的制度变迁,所以说制度创新是发展农村金融体系的根本途径。