经济转轨时期如何扩大就业

该文通过对我国目前就业状况的分析，以及经济增长与就业增长之间的关系的阐述，提出了有关促进就业的几点措施。     

Determinants of persistence in innovation: evidence from the case study of the ‘Eye Microsurgery’ Complex

This study aims at determining the major factors supporting innovative persistence based on an in-depth analysis of the internal organizational processes of the state-owned medical institution, ‘Eye Microsurgery’ Complex in Moscow. I propose a systemic approach to the study of innovation activities, which incorporates aspects of evolutionary economics, institutional analysis and dynamic capabilities theory. The study explicitly incorporates the changing external environment as a factor shaping innovation dynamics. The findings suggest that at the earliest stage of the firm's development, the interaction between the nature of the technology and the nature of the demand, the presence of prolific innovators and a certain organizational structure that supports learning, effective knowledge production and accumulation are determinant of persistence in innovation. In later periods, the availability of resources (material, financial, specialized human capital), external collaborations, specific production techniques, well-organized technological diffusion, and motivational factors are the elements providing the basis for innovative persistence. Leadership plays a crucial role in supporting innovation and organizational transformation.     

POST‐PRIVATIZATION OWNERSHIP AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: A LARGE META‐ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSITION LITERATURE

This paper aims to perform a large‐scale meta‐analysis of the relationship between post‐privatization ownership and firm performance in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Baseline estimation of a meta‐regression model that employs a total of 2,894 estimates drawn from 121 previous studies indicated the superior impact of foreign ownership on firm performance in comparison with state and domestic private entities. Furthermore, the estimation of an extended meta‐regression model that explicitly controls for the idiosyncrasies of transition economies and privatization policies strongly suggested that differences between countries in location, privatization method, and speed of policy implementation strongly influence the link between post‐privatization ownership structure and firm performance. We also found that these factors not only cause a remarkable gap between countries in terms of ex post improvement in firm performance but also significantly affect the interrelationship between foreign investors, domestic outsider owners, and firm managers, and the relative superiority of various domestic outsiders. Conclusive evidence of the harm caused to ex post firm performance by voucher privatization is one of the most noteworthy empirical findings in this paper.     

The political economy of land reform choices in Central and Eastern Europe

In all Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) land reform has been a key part of the overall agrarian reforms and land reform procedures differ significantly among CEECs. This paper, by focusing on distributional effects and political economy implications, explains why thirteen CEEC governments chose particular reform procedures. Key factors in their choices are the history of the land ownership, including the post-collectivization ownership status, length of Communist rule, the ethnicity of pre-collectivization owners, and the equality of pre-collectivization asset distribution. These factors influence the distributional consequences of the land reform, including the (potential) conflicts between efficiency, social equity, and historical justice, and thus the political economy equilibrium.     

经济增长与收入差距:一个基于主体的经济模拟途径

本文提供了一个基于主体的转轨经济模型,用于分析经济转轨过程中经济增长和收入差距的动态关联性.模拟实验结果表明:随着经济的持续增长,收入差距经历一个先扩大后缩小的过程;实施适度的累进税政策会在缩小收入差距的同时,促进经济高速增长.     

南水北调工程与受水区经济社会制度变迁分析

南水北调工程作为国家强制性制度变迁的载体必将对受水区的有关经济社会制度产生深刻而长远的影响,主要表现在引发农地及水利基础设施产权的重新配置,改变区域内水资源的价格体系,通过改变水资源收益主体结构而引致水权制度模式变革,导致受水区内中央与地方之间财政收支的制度模式创新。因此,在受水区,需要引入市场调节机制为主和国家调节为辅的农地和水资源管理体制,合理引导农村土地制度变革;按照受水区不同的用水需求弹性,科学制定水资源定价标准,保证北调的水资源得到公平、公正和高效的开发和利用;建立水权明晰、治理结构合理的市场交易与行政管理相结合的水资源管理体制,解决不同投资主体的利益分配问题;加大对受水区的财税支持和补偿,积极引导受水区的经济结构调整与优化。     

社会资本研究进展综述及展望

社会资本作为一个崭新的概念逐渐进入了经济学的研究视野。社会资本理论有望对我国经济转型做出更加使人信服的解释,并且也有助于解决资源密集型区域中存在的经济、社会、生态功能的非均衡和冲突等问题。在研究方法上,结构方程模型在社会资本研究中已广泛应用,在将来的研究中也会发挥巨大的作用;在实际中,资源密集型区域的经济发展中出现了经济功能—社会功能—生态功能发展非均衡及其冲突等问题,产生了经济发展中的非正义现象,严重影响了资源密集型区域自我发展,解决这些问题的关键在于以知识资本为主的社会资本的累积,这些都是未来值得深入研究的课题。     

社会转型的“制度陷阱”与中国选择

本文从分析转型社会所面临的制度陷阱的表现出发,探讨论述了制度陷阱形成与作用的机理,认为社会转型的路径依赖效应、利益集团的干扰与政府转换选择偏好是产生制度混乱的主要原因。文章从中国制度转换与社会变革的强政府主导性、制度转换的秩序性、渐进性与稳定性四个方面论证了中国跨越制度陷阱的路径选择。     

不同企业性质五星级酒店效率比较研究——兼论我国酒店业增长模式的转变

基于企业性质视角,采用超效率DEA和Malmquist指数方法,对2002--2009年我国五星级酒店静态效率和动态生产率进行分析,研究结果表明发现：我国五星级酒店处于相对有效状态,但年均TFP增长率为-3．4％;不同企业性质五星级酒店效率差异明显,其中集体企业得益于规模效率增长而一枝独秀,年均TFP增长率达14．6％;内资酒店得益于规模扩张而使其技术效率显著高于外资酒店,但外资酒店TFP增长率及技术进步增长率要比内资酒店分别高出2．7％和6．5％。目前我国酒店业增长属于规模驱动型增长,技术进步贡献率低,应当促使酒店业从规模驱动型增长转变为技术进步驱动型增长。     

毛泽东真的放弃了新民主主义社会论了吗?

该文从三个方面论证了毛泽东并没有放弃“新民主主义社会论”。第一，学者们所理解的“新民主主义社会”并不完全符合毛泽东的“新民主主义社会论”的原意；第二，毛泽东提出过渡时期总路线是他的“新民主主义社会论”逻辑发展的必然结果；第三，关键的经验教训是正确认识和处理资本主义和社会主义的关系。