初次分配领域中效率与公平关系的思考

正确把握初次分配领域中效率与公平的关系,是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键环节。在初次分配领域中,效率与公平的关系在逐步走向合理化的同时,也还存在一定的缺陷,需要进一步调控和完善。初次分配中效率与公平关系变革的形成有着特定的时代背景,当经济进入新的发展时期,新的问题、矛盾随之产生,只有科学合理的分配体制才能够保证经济持续稳定又快又好的发展。     

新型农村合作医疗的运行效率、筹资与基层政府行为

现阶段新型农村合作医疗制度试点的重点之一是如何在公平与效率之间找到新的均衡。这项制度在农村稳步推开,缓解了医疗服务中长期存在的公平效率问题。但自该项制度实施以来.调查点居民卫生可及性公平仍有待改善,筹资存在垂直不公平问题,卫生服务利用公平性有所增强,但改进余地很大。资源配置效率有所提高,但并不明显;医疗机构间缺乏竞争,成本软约束导致医疗机构低效率运行。因此新农合制度实施过程中的公平性,还有待政府进一步改善,同时以公平为前提,提高资源配置和服务效率。     

农村居民点土地整理的效益评价方法探讨

对农村居民点土地整理效益评价研究能够为土地整理工作科学、合理地实施提供理论支持,农村居民点土地整理效益评价必须能够全方位涵盖其综合效益的内涵,全面计算影响农村居民点土地整理效益的所有土地、自然、社会、经济因素。该文以奈门沁村为例,运用定性、定量、动态及实证研究方法,确定所研究区域内农村居民点土地整理效益大小。     

Consideration of technological and environmental heterogeneity in cost efficiency analysis

In order to evaluate and compare the efficiency levels across banking industries, we adopt the meta-frontier model that can assess the technological difference among countries. Given the importance of country specific conditions, we include in our analysis the different specificities of each country to incorporate the technological as the environmental differences in the evaluation of banking efficiencies. Using data on the banking industries of several countries in the MENA region, over the period 1991–2011, the results of the efficiency scores corrected by the technological and environmental gap led us to conclude that Egyptian banks are the most efficient in terms of cost compared with banks in other countries. Egyptian banks enjoy a very favourable banking technology. Our results support the hypothesis that traditional techniques of efficiency analysis based on the efficiency scores of a specific and pooled frontier tend to mystify efficiency levels and may incorrectly identify efficient banks. This paper contributes to the efficiency literature by incorporating technological and environmental heterogeneities in the evaluation of efficiency. This helps to characterize the production process of a bank and provides common standards by which the efficiencies of banks in different countries can be compared in a meaningful way with each other.     

Overcapacities in banking: Measurement,trends and determinants

Global banks face profitability challenges since the global financial crisis. Besides cyclical factors, structural features such as overcapacities have been identified as root causes. While policymakers agree on the need for bank consolidation, there is less consensus on the definition and measurement of overcapacities in banking. This paper contributes by conceptualising and formalising the different dimensions of overcapacities in banking and by constructing a novel measure thereof. In addition, it empirically tests the main determinants of overcapacities in banking from 2006 to 2017 and assesses their relative importance. The results indicate that non-bank competition, the interest rate environment and bank business models are the most important driving factors of banking sector overcapacities. This is because shadow banks, benefitting from regulatory arbitrage, have altered banks’ capacity needs, low rates compressed margins and increased pressure to improve cost efficiencies, and retail-oriented business models have operated extensive branch networks entailing heavy fixed costs.     

Energy efficiency promotion backfires under cap-and-trade

Major climate-cum-energy policies and respective impact projections rest on the widespread belief that increased energy efficiency can be equated with savings in energy use and emissions. This belief is flawed. Due to the rebound effect emissions savings from energy efficiency improvements will be generally less than what is technically feasible, or even be reversed. By means of an analytical general equilibrium model we demonstrate the latter to be true in a case that is both stark and relevant: if electricity generation is subject to a cap-and-trade scheme with partial coverage, increased efficiency of electric devices leads unambiguously to increased carbon emissions. The result implies that a proper distinction between the energy rebound and the carbon rebound is warranted, and that public policy must carefully consider the interactions between energy efficiency promotion and carbon pricing.     

Profitability efficiency,marketability efficiency and technology gaps in Taiwan’s banking industry: meta-frontier network data envelopment analysis

The aim of this article is to measure the profitability efficiency (PE) and marketability efficiency (ME) of non-homogenous Taiwanese banks after the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards by using the convex meta-frontier data envelopment analysis model. The model is applied to simultaneously estimate PE and ME of the banks in financial holding companies (FHCs) and the banks not in FHCs. The meta-inefficiencies in individual processes are further decomposed into group inefficiencies and technology gap inefficiencies to explore the sources of inefficiency. The empirical results indicate that the banks in FHCs can reduce more costs than the banks not in FHCs, whereas the banks not in FHCs can create greater market value than the banks in FHCs. For the banks joining and not in FHCs, technology gap inefficiency is the main source of inefficiencies in both profitability and marketability processes.     

The Research on Regional Public Management＇ s Evaluation Based on the Theory of DEA ： Date from the Pan- Pearl River Delta

将在理论经济学中应用的DEA理论推广到公共管理研究中,通过实证分析研究指出泛珠江三角洲区域公共管理中存在的优势及不足,为在中国整体区域推进公共管理能力提升提出了建设性意见。     

中国经济发展的投入产出效率研究

从投入产出角度,运用超效率三阶段DEA模型与Malmquist模型相结合的分析方法,修正了环境因素与随机因素的影响,从静态与动态的时间角度对2008_2012年我国30个省（市、自治区）经济发展效率进行分析。结果表明：从静态层面看,我国各省经济发展效率不容乐观,综合效率值较低,大约2/3省的经济发展都处于低效状态;经济发展效率受环境影响较大,剔除环境因素的影响后,各省综合效率均显著下降;三大区域中,东部地区经济发展效率仍处于领先地位,西部地区次之,中部地区最低,但整体来看区域间经济发展效率差异逐渐减小。从动态层面看,通过Malmquist模型分析,考察期间全要素效率和综合技术效率M值逐年下降,技术进步效率逐渐增长,且全要素效率下降的主要原因是纯技术效率下降。因此,各地区应该充分发挥优势,加快技术创新,提高规模效率,进一步提升发展水平。     

基于DEA三阶段的我国财产保险公司经营效率测度研究

研究国内保险公司经营效率的文献多采用DEA二阶段模型,其最大的不足之处是无法剥离环境和误差因素对效率值的影响。本文运用能够调整环境变量与随机干扰等因素的DEA三阶段分析方法,对2009年我国财险业的46家公司的经营效率进行分析,结果表明:内外资财险公司的经营效率差距较大,我国大部分财险公司处于规模报酬递增阶段,需适度扩大规模来提升规模效率;纯技术效率处于较低水平,需不断提升公司的管理决策水平。