林权改革推进中农户林业合作经营的动因

集体林权制度改革后,小农户与大市场之间的矛盾,是我国林业发展的一个突出矛盾。要解决这一矛盾,提升农户进入市场的能力,需提高分散农户在林业经营中的合作程度。从内外两方面探究了农户林业合作经营需求产生的动因,认为合作需求的产生受农户自身内在驱动因素与外部环境推动因素的共同作用,政府在制定相关扶持政策时应以农户需求为基础,尊重农户意愿。     

加强林业技术发展的研究

林业建设的长期实践表明，林业的发展越来越依赖林业技术的进步。本文从宏观、中观和微观各层面分析了林业技术发展对林业发展的重大意义，并在此基础上进一步分析了当前我国林业技术发展的现状——林业技术既取得了巨大发展．但同时又存在很多不足，如林业技术成果转化事低、技术推广效益低、高新技术水平落后于发达国家等。此外．本文还分析了制约林业技术发展的因素：林业技术意识薄弱、投入不足、推广效益低下、自主创新和引进消化吸收能力弱等，并提出了进一步发展我国林业技术的对策。     

北京市森林碳汇市场构建研究

为了积极推进中国的节能减排事业,使中国的经济发展模式向低碳模式转变,阐述了北京市建立森林碳汇市场的必要性和可行性,并进行了问卷调查,通过研究公众对碳汇市场的了解程度和需求程度,提出了构建北京市森林碳汇市场的相关建议。     

Why Developing Countries Have Failed to Increase Their Exports of Agricultural Processed Products

The article uses the case study of coffee, tea and cocoa to analyse whether tariff escalation constitutes a barrier to market access that thwarts diversification efforts of developing countries into exports of value‐added agricultural processed products. It also examines the extent to which non‐tariff barriers act as market access barriers that constrain developing countries from developing their exports of agricultural processed products. Our analysis shows that tariff escalation is not the main barrier; rather it is the prevalence of non‐tariff barriers (including domestic non‐tariff barriers) that limits the ability of developing countries to increase their agricultural processed exports. This has important policy implications in terms of the emphasis that trade negotiators and policy planners should place on addressing non‐tariff barriers.     

中国森林生态产品补偿标准五阶段论

在论述补偿构成、补偿实质等基本问题之后,以成本构成理论为依据,根据目前国家经济发展水平提出了中国森林生态产品补偿标准发展的5个阶段(现行标准、管护成本标准、简单再生产标准、全额生产经营成本标准、效益补偿标准),以便进一步完善中国森林生态产品补偿的理论与实践。     

岷江上游森林生态系统服务条件价值评估

针对岷江上游森林生态系统服务现状,采用条件价值评估法(CVM),以支付卡形式设计了374份调查问卷,调查了岷江流域居民对上游森林生态系统服务的支付意愿(WTP)。结果表明:岷江流域60.80%的居民家庭对岷江上游森林生态系统服务存在支付意愿,平均支付意愿为每户每年44.00元。按照岷江流域现有家庭数量计算,岷江上游森林生态系统服务价值每年是5 507.48×104元。利用二元Logistic模型,对支付意愿与个人社会经济变量进行了较为详尽的分析,并对影响居民支付意愿的主要因素作了环境经济学解释。     

动态环境下林产品物流网络模型研究

林产品的生产与需求随着环境不断的变化,如何建立在动态环境下的林产品物流网络模型是进行林产品物流规划的关键问题。本文在对林产品物流特点进行分析的基础上,结合林产品物流网络模型研究相关理论,构建了动态环境下的林产品物流物流网络模型。     

The relation between forest clearance and household income among native Amazonians: Results from the Tsimane' Amazonian panel study, Bolivia

The Amazon rain forest harbors some of the world's richest biological diversity. During the twentieth century, two types of actors cleared that forest: native Amazonians and outside encroachers. Of the two actors, we know more about what drives outside encroachers to clear forest than about what drives native Amazonians to clear forest. The past research focus has served well because during the twentieth century outside encroachers cleared most of the Amazonian forest. But the past research focus needs to be expanded because native Amazonians are claiming de jure stewardship of the forests they inhabit, and with tighter jurisdiction over those forests will likely come changes in the amount of forest native Amazonians clear. Prior research in rural areas of low-income nations suggests that household income affects household forest clearance. To estimate the effects of household real income on the total forest area (old-growth + fallow) cleared by households we use a panel composed of five annual household surveys (2002-2006, inclusive) from 324 households of a native Amazonian society in Bolivia (Tsimane'). We control for household and village fixed effects and use an instrumental variable for household income. We find positive and significant household real income elasticities of forest clearance of 0.35 and 0.47 and an increase in forest clearance of 5.3%/year. The main finding stood up well to sensitivity analysis. These estimates suggest that in the near future, the forest in the Tsimane' territory will likely face increasing pressure from the Tsimane' themselves, not just from outside encroachers.     

中国森林损失的时空特征及其与经济增长的EKC关系检验

根据Hansen数据集对2001—2018年间中国的森林损失进行了量化和可视化,并基于森林损失角度分别为全国和东、中、西三个区域建立了森林EKC曲线模型,最终将所得结论与现有其他角度的森林EKC研究结论对比。结果表明:(1)研究期中国森林损失率表现出先增再减再增的趋势,其区域变动特征表现为随时间推移损失率较高的区域由各区域普遍存在向东南沿海区域聚集;(2)全国及各区域森林损失率随经济增长的变化具有明显差异,其中全国和西部地区森林损失率随经济增长单调递减,东部地区森林损失率随经济增长单调递增,中部地区森林损失率随经济增长呈先增后减的倒"U"型曲线关系。(3)森林损失角度与森林资源净变化角度下的森林EKC曲线无论是在形状上还是拐点发生时间上均具有明显的差异。     

资源枯竭型林区产业转型的困境与对策——以伊春市为例

长期的过量采伐,导致东北许多林区森林可采林木资源濒临枯竭,经济社会发展面临严峻挑战,实施彻底的产业转型,恢复林区的生态功能,促进资源枯竭型林区经济全面协调发展已经迫在眉睫。但是,林区在实施产业转型过程中遇到许多现实问题,需要国家及当地政府及时出台相应扶持政策,推动区域经济发展模式的转变。文章以伊春市国有林区为例,对东北林区产业转型的困境进行深入分析,剖析了影响林区产业转型制度障碍,提出了资源枯竭型林区产业转型的对策。