公路运输业对于国内生产总值的影响分析

为探究公路运输业对GDP的影响,利用多元统计方法,构建GDP比例预测模型得出2012年公路运输对GDP贡献度约为2.42%。分别构建感应度、影响力系数模型,得出交通运输感应度处于行业平均水平之上,公路建筑及交通运输影响力都达到行业平均水平。建立多元非线性回归模型,分析了相关行业影响的显著性,给出如何合理划分调查模块以提高数据收集效率的具体方法。     

Investment–cash flow sensitivity and investor protection

We examine the role of country-level legal investor protection (i.e., shareholder and creditor protection) on firm investment–cash flow sensitivity (ICFS). Using underexplored research data on investor protection across 21 countries and working with a conservative empirical design, we extend prior literature on the relation between investor protection and ICFS and provide new evidence on how these country-level attributes interact to explain a firm's ICFS. We find that either the strong legal protection of minority shareholders or the strong legal protection of creditors reduces the sensitivity of investment to internal cash flow. However, in countries with strong levels of both minority shareholder and creditor protection, ICFS increases. Our results remain robust after controlling for several alternative explanations. The results support the argument that overregulation arises when policymakers increase investor protection at levels that lead firms to avoid external sources of finance, hampering firm investment. Our findings suggest that countries face a regulatory trade-off such that increasing investor protection (either shareholder or creditors protection) enhances financial markets efficiency, but excessive regulation can indeed lead to financial markets inefficiencies.     

超大城市行政区气候环境敏感性多尺度 影响机制可视化与对策研究——以北京市 丰台区为例

气候环境研究具有多尺度层级的特征，城市气候环 境改善需要从不同尺度关注不同层面问题，已有诸多研究成果 表明，城市物理环境对气候改善具有决定性作用。以存量时代 城市更新改造为背景，从“多尺度”视角切入，重点关注城市 气候环境改善在不同尺度层级的途径与方法，共同指导城市更 新改造的具体操作。以北京市丰台区为研究对象，利用城市环 境气候地图分析城市片区内气候环境敏感性分级。首先，对建 成环境影响要素进行综合分析，结果显示，丰台区中部气候环 境敏感性高的区域，其建筑密度大、建筑高度高、植被覆盖率 低、路网密度高。其次，引入网格化分割降级气候环境分析尺 度，将敏感单元落在城市街区尺度内，研究得到丰台区5个气 候高敏感片区，其中4个为批发市场城市功能，具有典型性。 最后，针对典型敏感片区建成环境特征，总结街区改造策略， 提出多尺度气候环境分析的重要性，以及基于微气候改善的精 细化途径，这是存量时代城市应对气候环境变化的有效方案。     

Common ownership and executive pay-for-performance sensitivity: Evidence from China

This study focuses on the impact of common ownership on executive pay-for-performance sensitivity using a sample of A-share listed firms in China from 2008 to 2020. We find common ownership significantly improves executive pay-for-performance sensitivity and plays a monitoring and governance role. Meanwhile, the impact of common ownership on executive pay-for-performance sensitivity is more significant in non-state-owned firms (non-SOEs) and when a firm faces a highly competitive product market. The mechanism tests indicate that common ownership affects executive pay-for-performance sensitivity through the information and governance mechanisms. Further analyses show that the portion of compensation explained by common ownership significantly enhances future firm performance. Overall, our findings validate the positive role of common ownership in corporate governance.     

国土空间规划背景下市县生态保护重要性 评价实践探索——以武汉市江夏区为例

开展生态保护重要性评价，从空间上明确生态保 护的重要区域是生态保护政策落实的关键。“双评价”指南 中的生态保护重要性评价主要针对省级尺度，缺乏市县尺度 的修正和细化方法。以武汉市江夏区为例，探索了国土空间 规划背景下市县生态保护重要性评价方法：基于江夏区地域 特征，选择水土保持、水源涵养、生物多样性维护、水土流 失敏感性和内涝风险构建评价指标体系；从“物种”维度优 化生物多样性维护评价方法并利用InfoWorks ICM水动力 模型探索内涝风险评价方法；综合单项评价结果得到初判结 果；结合政策性生态保护线、自然保护地和重要自然要素修 正初判结果。结果表明：江夏区生态保护极重要、重要空 间面积分别为565和220km2 ，占区域总面积的34.2%和 13.3%。     

The effectiveness of environmental interpretation at resource‐Sensitive tourism destinations

The process of appropriate visitor management is an integral part of sound tourism management. Visitor management includes the development and implementation of rules and regulations with respect to visitor activity, which in turn provides the guidelines for visitors. On the other hand, it also aims to create enjoyable visitor experiences in the hope that visitors will appreciate the value of the site. Environmental interpretation in a resource‐sensitive tourism destination is considered to be an effective visitor management strategy that helps to encourage visitors to adopt more appropriate behaviour in order to sustain the development of tourism. This paper aims to examine the processes and purposes of visitor management and environmental interpretation, including relevant definitions and functions. The characteristics of visitor management and environmental interpretation, and how to increase their effectiveness, also are addressed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.