Labour unions and leverage: evidence from firm-level union data

ABSTRACT

Using firm-level labour union data from Japan, this paper investigates the effect of labour unions on firm leverage. We find that as union coverage increases, both the level of and extent of change in leverage decreases. These relations remain robust when a firm falls into deficit. We also find that firms with higher union coverage have a higher interest coverage ratio. In addition, we find that firms with higher union coverage are less likely to choose issuing debt compared to issuing equity when they face financial distress. Our results imply that significant employee influence enhanced by labour unions increases fixed costs, crowds out the firm’s debt capacity and consequently reduces the firm’s leverage.     

基于风险平台实施企业集成风险管理

企业集成风险管理(EIRM)是企业风险管理发展的必然趋势,工作团队的确定和工作流程的构建是目前EIRM实施的瓶颈所在。在分析国内外相关研究的基础上,通过采用项目目标管理(MBO)方法和项目组的三维空间模型确定了EIRM的项目团队,并结合EIRM的组织结构建立了EIRM的工作流程,使EIRM的实施通过项目平台得以实现。     

论财务管理目标理论的框架结构

财务管理目标理论是研究在一定社会经济环境下财务管理目标的形成、表现和实现的理论。它包括财务管理目标和实现目标的观念要求两个方面的内容,后者又包括财务管理假设、财务管理观念、财务管理原则等理论要素。     

An outcome-based assessment of international transfer pricing policy

Instead of concentrating on the selection of the optimal transfer pricing method, this paper focuses on the consequences of international transfer pricing for multinational entities. A sample of U.S.-based multinational firms is employed to determine if transfer pricing results in measurable financial outcomes. Results of the study indicate that firms employ international transfer pricing to meet a variety of objectives. The dollar value of international transfers and the foreign sales percentage are both significant explanatory variables for the financial outcomes of these objectives.     

Financial Policy in Practice: Benchmarking Financial Sector Strategies Around the World

Policy makers use financial sector strategies to formulate a holistic policy for the national financial system. This article examines and rates financial sector strategies around the world on how well they formulate development targets, arrangements for systemic risk management, and implementing plans. The strategies are also rated on whether they consider policy trade-offs between financial development and systemic risk management. The rated strategies are then benchmarked against a range of country characteristics. The analysis finds that the scope and quality of national strategies for the financial sector are systematically influenced by several country characteristics. Interestingly, policy trade-offs, particularly between financial development and systemic risk management, are not adequately considered in the strategies.     

基于目标管理的团队建设研究

越来越多的组织正在用团队的形式进行生产运营活动,如何建设高效优秀的团队已经被越来越多的企业关注,本文在团队定义的基础上,以目标管理为切入点,详述了组织如何将目标管理运用于团队建设中,讨论了组织在打造高效团队需要遵循的几点原则。     

Sovereign risk and belief-driven fluctuations in the euro area

Sovereign risk premia in several euro area countries have risen markedly since 2008, driving up credit spreads in the private sector as well. We propose a New Keynesian model of a two-region monetary union that accounts for this “sovereign risk channel.” The model is calibrated to the euro area as of mid-2012. We show that a combination of sovereign risk in one region and strongly procyclical fiscal policy at the aggregate level exacerbates the risk of belief-driven deflationary downturns. The model provides an argument in favor of coordinated, asymmetric fiscal stances as a way to prevent self-fulfilling debt crises.     

高房价理性回归的金融通道

近年来,随着我国经济的快速增长和城市化进程的不断深入,我国出现了房价过快上涨的势头。高房价背后有着各种成因,抵押贷款证券化在解决高房价问题上具有合理性和可行性,保持审慎、稳健的监管,通过合理的金融市场建设和金融资源分配,房地产市场能够回归理性,房价回归正常合理的水平。     

基于性能化的工业建筑抗震设计分析

本文提出来在重要的不规则的工业结构设计过程中采用性能化抗震设计的方法及实现。主要阐述了结构抗震性能目标的确定方法,文章结合设计实例分析建筑结构的是否满足选定的抗震性能设计,旨在为其他建筑的抗震设计提供参考和借鉴作用。