我国农村劳动力＂反梯度＂流动的经济学分析——以新疆采棉工为例

农村劳动力“反梯度”流动是我国经济和社会转型期间出现的一种特殊现象。从流向看,它有悖于劳动力由乡一城、由落后地区一发达地区流动的规律。文章采用经济学分析方法,以新疆采棉工为研究对象,从理论和现实两个层面研究分析采棉工理性的流动决策行为以及基本特征和相关影响因素。     

我国农地制度的变迁轨迹及其现实功用

新中国成立以来我国农地制度经历了三次重大变迁:从封建地主土地所有制到农民土地所有制,再到集体所有、集体统一经营制度,最后到集体所有、家庭承包经营责任制。每一次农地制度变迁都在不同程度上体现了公平与效率的博弈。第一次变迁所形成的农民土地所有制既促进了效率也体现了公平。第二次变迁所形成的土地集体所有、集体统一经营制度表面上看公平有余效率不足,实则是既缺乏效率也不公平。第三次变迁所形成的土地集体所有、家庭承包经营制是公平诱因与效率诱因共同作用的结果,而且农地分配、农地调整、农地流转等方面存在的矛盾和问题,本质上都是公平与效率的博弈。我国农地制度进一步变迁的方向是实现公平与效率并重。     

我国建设社会主义新农村的理论与实践

1949年新中国成立后,在土地改革和农业社会主义改造完成的基础上,中国共产党加强了对农村工作的领导和建设。十一届三中全会后,随着农村改革实践的深入,农业生产力得到了解放与发展,农村面貌发生了巨大变化,中国共产党适应农村发展变化了的新实际,提出了建设社会主义新农村;并结合我国农村改革发展的不断深化,把建设社会主义新农村推向新的发展阶段,进一步促进了农业发展、农村稳定和农民增收,加速了全面建设小康社会的步伐。     

皖江城市群空间范围的界定

城市群空间范围的界定是城市群研究的基础。使用区位商方法确定芜湖和安庆为皖江城市群的中心城市,计算了中心城市在研究范围内的经济联系强度和经济联系隶属度,以此为基础,确定了皖江城市群的空间范围并划分了其空间腹地层次为：核心区（芜湖市、安庆市、马鞍山市、枞阳县、当涂县、怀宁县）;紧密腹地（合肥市、池州市、芜湖县、无为县、铜陵市、繁昌县）;竞争腹地（桐城市、巢湖市、东至县、和县、宣城市、潜山县、南陵县、望江县、庐江县、含山县、太湖县、滁州市、宿松县、肥西县）;边缘腹地（肥东县、铜陵县、岳西县、青阳县、全椒县、泾县、宁国市、石台县、郎溪县）。     

受动抑或主动:城市土地集约利用促进性因素机理研究

文章突破了原有的城市土地限制性因素分析,从城市土地经营的行为主体的角度,开创性的提出城市土地集约利用的促进性因素,对城市土地的集约类型进行了划分,划分为了主动性土地集约和受动性土地集约,进而细分为内生性主动集约和外生性主动集约、相权性受动集约和调控性受动集约。并将这些因素置于私人收益、私人成本、社会收益、社会成本的复合坐标体系之下作了进一步的区分与研究,分别对其形成的原因和表现作了进一步的阐释和描述,同时对控制土地集约度的重要性子以强调,最后对土地集约促进性因素的分类及其运作做了相关的展望。     

Measuring the liquidity part of volume

Based on the concept that the presence of liquidity frictions can increase the daily traded volume, we develop an extended version of the mixture of distribution hypothesis model (MDH) along the lines of Tauchen and Pitts (1983) to measure the liquidity portion of volume. Our approach relies on a structural definition of liquidity frictions arising from the theoretical framework of Grossman and Miller (1988), which explains how liquidity shocks affect the way in which information is incorporated into daily trading characteristics. In addition, we propose an econometric setup exploiting the volatility–volume relationship to filter the liquidity portion of volume and infer the presence of liquidity frictions using daily data. Finally, based on FTSE 100 stocks, we show that the extended MDH model proposed here outperforms that of Andersen (1996) and that the liquidity frictions are priced in the cross-section of stock returns.     

Tourism at Costalegre,Mexico: An ecosystem services-based exploration of current challenges and alternative futures

Tourism, as all human activities, is dependent on the natural environment and its respective ecosystem services (ES). Different user groups manage and consume these touristic ES differently, resulting in discrepancies and potential conflicts. Despite the urgency to find inclusive local approaches for sustainable development, tourism studies still analyze socio-economic and ecological impacts separately and lack integrated social–ecological approaches to improve foresight in tourism planning. Based on a growing concern regarding the future of Costalegre on the Jalisco coast of Western Mexico, we analyze through interviews, surveys, and participant observation the dependence of tourism on specific ecosystem services and conduct a scenario analysis which shows present and future implications for the social–ecological system. Furthermore, this analysis shows in detail how different scenarios change ES provision and people's livelihoods. Key findings include identifying freshwater provision and cultural ES as the most important touristic ES. At a regional scale, peasants in ejidos are the main ES stewards, whereas high-class tourism facilities constitute important local stewards. Benefits, mainly access to freshwater and the beach, are unequally distributed, provoking conflicts among different ES user groups that may escalate in the near future. Improved communication between all user groups and strengthening of key political actors seem to be the most immediate recommendations to ensure the long term sustainability of this particular region. This work may contribute to improved planning and decision-making as our ES based scenarios are a first step to integrate social–ecological knowledge into improved decision-making. At a local scale, the study reveals the most likely future development options and their social and ecological consequences. It could also serve as a baseline for informed policy making.     

影响农村和谐的因素及其法治对策

农村民主政治不健全、经济文化落后、法律制度不完善、社会矛盾激化是影响农村和谐的主要因素。构建农村和谐,必须加强农村法治,用法治来健全农村民主政治,发展农村经济文化,完善农村法律制度,化解农村社会矛盾。     

发展农村经济是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务

社会主义新农村建设是一项前无古人的宏大社会系统工程,既涉及经济基础,又涉及上层建筑,内容十分丰富。而发展农村经济是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,它既是解决“三农”问题的前提,也是增加农民收入的有效途径;既是扩大内需,拉动经济增长的有效举措,也是经济社会协调发展,贯彻落实科学发展观的重要条件。     

我国农业支持与农民收入和消费的再思考——基于整体性的多变量协整系统

把农民收入和消费及财政支农和农村金融置于一个框架下进行了考察。基于1978—2008年数据拟合的多变量协整模型较好地反映了我国农村经济的特点,结果表明,农业财政和金融在长期可显著提高农民收入,金融信贷在短期可有效扩大农民消费,并且农村金融体系较好地保证了内源融资的效率;消费方程反映出我国农民消费具有短视性特点,对同期收入过度敏感。