创业企业IPO靠自己还是靠"风投"?——基于双边选择效应视角的经验证据

风险投资的增值职能对创业企业至关重要,是风险投资领域最重要的研究问题之一.现有文献侧重于风险投资增值职能与单边选择效应的分离识别.文章提出双边选择效应与风险投资增值职能的区分,研究了风险投资增值职能对企业IPO结果的作用机制.文章利用1999-2009年风险投资机构投资中国创业企业的1 623个样本,以及截至2016年6月30日被投资企业IPO成功与否的数据,考察了风险投资机构是否发挥了增值职能.文章在充分考虑"好风投"与"好企业"更容易结合的双边选择效应基础上,同时考察了风险投资机构和创业企业自身在IPO过程中可能存在的"增值效应".实证分析和稳健性检验均表明,"好风投"未能充分发挥对创业企业的增值效应,在推动IPO方面的影响并不显著,而创业企业的自身优势才是其更容易成功IPO的主要决定因素.文章的研究为理解风险投资机构的增值职能提供了新的视角,有助于正确认识风险投资机构和创业企业的行为特征及其经济效率.     

风险投资、内部控制与审计定价

文章利用手工收集的风险投资持股及其属性特征数据,基于审计风险的分析逻辑,系统研究了风险投资、内部控制与审计定价之间的内在关系.研究发现:(1)与非风险投资持股公司相比,风险投资持股公司的审计定价显著更低;(2)从属性特征来看,风险投资的控制属性显著降低了审计定价,而联合属性显著提高了审计定价;(3)在抑制审计风险、降低审计定价方面,风险投资持股与内部控制质量存在显著的替代效应.文章研究表明,风险投资持股在审计市场上发挥了显著的治理效应,因而强化风险投资机构的增值服务和监督职能,对于提高上市公司运营效率具有重要的现实价值.     

基于PSO算法的股权拍卖机制设计及仿真分析

运用PSO群体智能算法模拟信息交互条件下外部投资者报价决策的学习机制和演化规律,在此基础上设计了实现风险投资退出的股权拍卖机制。Netlog仿真结果表明,所设计的股权拍卖机制能在一定程度上揭示股权的真实价值,并降低竞买人和卖方之间的信息不对称程度。进一步的仿真分析结果表明:适当的激励力度对外部投资者的投标报价具有显著影响;引入更多的竞买人能产生更有利于风险投资家的拍卖结果;即使外部投资者过于强化单一的学习能力,最终也可得到相对理想的拍卖结果,从而证明了所设计的股权拍卖机制具有广泛的适用性。     

Decomposition of new venture growth into firm age,survey period and vintage effects

Firm data are accumulated on a yearly basis. In view of the linear relationship of firm age?+?foundation year?=?survey year, the fluctuations of firm data classified by age and period cannot be decomposed into age, period and cohort (foundation year) effects. Three decomposition methods are briefly reviewed and applied to Japanese data on new ventures founded since 1995. Regarding sales and employment growth, the age effect is the largest with a downward trend, and the cohort effect is negligible. Regarding labour productivity, the age effect indicates upward movements, and the cohort effect is negligible. The reason of the negligible cohort effect is discussed.     

Access to finance for innovators in the UK's environmental sector

Technological innovations are seen as one of the best solutions to mitigate the environmental impacts of economic activity. Yet, the innovative success of firms, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in the environmental sector is dependent on the presence of appropriate external financing to support their innovative activity. In an attempt to understand the circumstances surrounding the financing of 330 UK SMEs from the environmental sector between 2007 and 2010, we investigate the relationship between different types of innovation activity and sources of external finance. We observe a clear division of labour between the three external sources of finance, namely, banks, venture capital and government in terms of the types of innovations they finance. We also identify that finance gap affects environmental SMEs with early-stage and less applied research projects. We discuss the challenges for UK environmental SMEs to engage in innovative activity and call for an increased government action in order to support innovative SMEs with early-stage projects and to instil confidence in the private investors by signalling long-term commitment.     

国际多元化、控股股东与公司增长

本文利用2009年-2011年中国制造业上市公司的数据实证研究了国际多元化与公司增长之间的关系,并与行业多元化进行比较分析。结果发现,国际多元化与公司增长之间存在统计上显著的正相关关系,而行业多元化与公司增长之间不存在统计上显著的关系。进一步分析表明。国际多元化与公司增长之间的正相关关系仅存在于无控股股东的企业。这从侧面反映了所有者与管理者之间的委托代理问题。在跨国公司内部,国际多元化程度与公司增长之间存在先下降后上升然后再下降的水平的S型关系。     

Resource Dependence and Network Relations: A Test of Venture Capital Investment Termination in China

This study examines how venture capital (VC) firms terminate investments in an emerging economy context. We contend that due to the weak institutional environment, it is appropriate to draw on insights from power and social relation perspectives for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we argue that a termination decision hinges on not only the dependence relationship between a VC firm and its portfolio companies, but also the social relationships among VC firms. Event history analyses of approximately 12,000 VC deals made in China between 2001 and 2012 reveal that when a VC firm has a greater number of investments in an industry, it is more likely to terminate investments on a portfolio company in that industry. Moreover, such effect on termination is moderated by the focal VC's embeddedness with its syndicate partners and collaboration opportunities with other VC firms outside the immediate access of the syndicate partners. Our study sheds light on research on VC decision making in emerging markets by integrating insights from resource dependence relationships and interorganizational network characteristics.     

To the Rescue!? Brokering a Rapid,Scaled and Customized Compassionate Response to Suffering after Disaster

Suffering comes in many forms that significantly impact organizations’ operations and performance. As a result, recent research on compassion organizing seeks to explain how efforts to notice, feel, and respond to suffering create organizational (and societal) benefits. Widespread suffering can be generated by natural disasters, which in turn can trigger compassionate organizational responses. In this paper, we build on social capital theory to theorize about how compassionate ventures leverage network relationships to identify and mobilize resources. We also explore how differences in these approaches influence the magnitude, speed, and customization of the response, all of which are theorized indicators of the effectiveness of compassion organizing in alleviating suffering. We use structural equation modelling to test our model and find that compassionate ventures with stronger ties to the local community are more likely to bundle (i.e., stretch) resources, which facilitates a speedy, customized, and large magnitude response. In contrast, those with stronger ties outside the local community are more likely to pursue (i.e., chase) new resources, which results in a large magnitude response, but one that is not associated with speed or customization. We discuss the implications of our findings and make recommendations for future research.     

创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别

创业活动是创新、就业和经济增长的重要来源。企业家通过持续探索创造新业务,促进社会和经济的发展和繁荣。本文基于资源基础理论和知识基础理论,以大众创业浪潮为研究背景,深入揭示创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别之间的关系,并以中国246份创业新企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：创业导向对新企业的机会识别和外部知识获取均具有积极影响;外部知识获取在创业导向和新企业的机会识别之间起到部分中介作用;此外,市场知识获取比技术知识获取对创业机会识别的影响更为突出。     

基于债权治理视角的利益侵占约束博弈分析

运用代理成本理论和契约理论,阐述了控股股东与银行债权人之间利益博弈的机理。针对我国转轨经济时期特殊的经济和社会背景———独特的股权结构、过度的政府干预、较低的社会信任程度等,构建了控股股东与银行债权人之间的利益博弈模型,证明了均衡状态的存在,并通过进一步分析各参数变量的政策含义,搭建了控股股东与银行债权人之间利益博弈的理论分析框架,为研究我国上市公司的银行债权治理提供了新的分析思路。