电子废弃物资源化共生网络生成机理分析

文章将电子废弃物(E-waste)作为一种资源来研究,并提出了由E-waste生产者、回收者、分解者、吸收者组成的E-waste资源化共生网络的简单资源循环模型。在此基础上,从内因和外因两方面重点分析了电子废弃物资源化共生网络的生成机理,主要包括成本推动机理、效益拉动机理、环境取向机理和协同作用机理。使我国电子废弃物资源化共生网络中的相关企业能够进一步认识共生网络中各种资源循环利用的闭环系统,保障共生网络的稳定健康发展,最终在提高经济效益的前提下,保护生态环境和节约资源能源。     

环境管理新五项制度对我国水污染减排贡献研究

提出了命令-控制型环境保护政策效果定量评估方法,对我国实行环境管理新五项制度的水污染减排贡献开展了研究.结果表明:新五项制度对1981～2008年间我国工业废水累计减排量贡献约为43.3%;在不同地区,新五项制度的工业废水减排贡献存在着较为明显的空间分异特征;除西藏、海南外,各省份的贡献率基本在14.8%～80.5%之间;东北老工业基地的贡献率依次高于东部地区、中部地区和西部地区.这反映了各地区在新五项制度执行上的差异性.     

商品包装废物分类与识别

面对日益严重的商品包装废物问题,建立了包装废物的分类标准并给出了实施建议,提出了包装废物识别包括物理识别和价值识别的观点,指出包装废物的识别可通过废物识别标志实现,构建了包装废物识别标志的概念模型及其网络框图。     

感光材料废物处置与回收利用

介绍了《国家危险废物名录》中HW16号感光材料废物的产生来源与其中有害成分对人的影响,及其国内外现有的几种处置、回收利用技术。对该类废物的治理提出了一些环境管理对策。     

Bioelectricity in Malaysia: economic feasibility,environmental and deforestation implications

We investigate the economic feasibility of bioelectricity production from biomass in Malaysia and its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and storage, agricultural prices, agricultural employment and deforestation. For this purpose, we develop a partial equilibrium model that projects agricultural prices, production, imports, exports, domestic consumption and land use in 5‐year increments between 2015 and 2065. Our results show that by 2030 biomass‐generated electricity can supply 36.5 per cent of the electricity generated in Malaysia, 16 times more than the 2016 electricity supply from biomass. Increased bioelectricity production from biomass will significantly reduce GHG emissions and will help Malaysia meet its commitment in the Paris Agreement to mitigate GHG emission by 45 per cent before 2030. Our modelling shows that biomass‐generated electricity creates a derived demand for waste biomass that expands the area of oil palm plantations. The expansion lowers agricultural prices, boosts agricultural employment and leads to some deforestation as landowners clear rainforest to plant oil palm trees. Nonetheless, the deforestation does not increase GHG emissions since GHG gains from bioelectricity significantly exceed GHG losses from deforestation.     

基于改进STIRPAT模型的城镇化水平对工业废水排放的影响——以长江经济带为例

长江经济带城镇化的发展促进了工业的进步,而工业发展的同时也伴随着工业废水排放的增加及对水环境的破坏。通过建立城镇化与工业废水排放之间的STIRPAT模型,分析长江经济带城镇化对工业废水排放的具体影响。结果表明:长江三角洲经济区及长江经济带整体城镇化水平与工业废水排放之间存在着倒N型关系,长江上游经济区和长江中游经济区的城镇化水平与工业废水排放之间存在倒U型曲线关系;经济发展水平和人口规模对工业废水排放的影响存在地区差异;长江经济带及各区域技术水平和产业结构对工业废水排放存在显著的正向影响。据此,在推动新型城镇化建设中,应采取政策扶持、转变经济发展方式、提高公众环保意识、调整产业结构及加速技术创新等措施,以期减少工业废水排放。     

Are Social Costs the Outcome of Struggles over Truth?

Abstract:

This article critically examines the institutional economics theory of social costs by way of reviewing The Dark Places of Business Enterprise: Reinstating Social Costs in Institutional-Economics (2019). In particular, the article assesses the proposal to re-root institutional economics in the theoretical synthesis of “Veblen-Kapp-Mirowski” to better understand the social costs of neoliberalism. One of the findings is that while such a synthesis seems justified on the grounds of significant commonalities and the merits of deeper insights, it nevertheless runs into difficulties due to divergent philosophical foundations. One of the conclusions is that further philosophic clarification is needed on how an alternative economy would understand the relationship between “social costs” and Truth.     

广西合山市煤矿废弃地植被现状调查与分析

通过实地踏查和样方法,调查了合山矿区废弃地的植被组成和自然演替情况。结果表明：该地自然定居植物共87种,隶属于39科61属。主要包括禾本科（14种）、菊科（11种）、豆科（10种）。全部定居植物中,草本植物48种,木本植物34种,藤本植物5种。在废弃早期样地,植被主要是一些单种斑块和小群落,这些小群落组成结构比较简单,物种多样性低,群落不稳定。在废弃时间相对较长的时间里,各样地植被的植物组成相对较丰富,野古草、画眉草、四脉金茅、巴芒、黄茅草、纤毛鸭嘴草、马唐、五节芒等可在煤矿废弃地上成功定植,并成为植被中的先锋种和优势种,可作为废弃地植被恢复治理的优先选用物种。废弃矿区植被具有由裸地→草丛→灌草丛→灌木林演替的趋势,并且随着废弃时间的增长,群落中物种丰富度增大,多样性指数呈增加趋势。在10~15年的废弃时间内群落可自然恢复,程度可以逐步达到相对稳定的灌草群丛。研究结果为矿山生态恢复提供了参考依据。     

北京市垃圾焚烧厂建设与运营问题分析

概述了北京市生活垃圾处理发展趋势。介绍了北京市生活垃圾焚烧厂规划、建设情况和运行现状．分析了焚烧厂规划建设与运营过程中应注意的若干问题并提出了解决问题的措施。     

Throwing It All Away: Exploring Affluent Consumers’ Attitudes Toward Wasting Edible Food

The skewed allocation of food across the world population is a major concern, as the result is that some of us live in abundant supply while others spend their life in constant scarcity. While researchers have studied a variety of issues related to the amounts of food being wasted, or the waste of edible food across consumers with different demographic characteristics, less is known about the drivers of attitudes toward food waste. Based on survey data from a sample of affluent Norwegian consumers, we test how subjective food knowledge, environmental concern, age, and income are related to consumer attitudes toward wasting edible food. We find that all variables except income drive consumer attitudes. Implications for theory and public policy are offered.