黄石市大气颗粒物中碳组分粒径分布特征及来源

运用热光碳分析仪对黄石市不同粒径的大气颗粒物中元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)进行测定,并探讨了EC和OC的质量浓度水平、粒径分布及来源。研究发现,黄石市大气颗粒物中碳组分集中存在于细颗粒物中,秋季时EC和OC的最大质量浓度出现在0~0.4μm粒径的细颗粒物中,分别为(1.11±0.17)μg/m3和(2.52±0.38)μg/m3;冬季时EC和OC的最大质量浓度分别出现在4.7~5.8μm和0.4~0.7μm粒径的颗粒物中,分别为(0.48±0.08)μg/m3和(4.88±2.03)μg/m3。冬季时大气颗粒物中OC的质量浓度明显高于秋季时的质量浓度;而秋季时大气颗粒物中EC的质量浓度高于冬季时的质量浓度,且这一差异在细颗粒物中表现得更显著,5.8~9.0μm粒径除外。黄石市大气中细颗粒物的碳组分主要源于燃煤排放、机动车尾气排放、家庭天然气燃烧和地面扬尘,粗颗粒物中碳组分主要来源于燃煤和机动车尾气排放。     

APPLICATION OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY PRINCIPLE METHOD TO THE STUDY OF WAVE CLIMATE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The Maximum Entropy Principle (MEP) method is elaborated, and the corresponding probability density evaluation method for the random fluctuation system is introduced, the goal of the article is to find the best fitting method for the wave climate statistical distribution. For the first time, a kind of new maximum entropy probability distribution (MEP distribution) expression is deduced in accordance with the second order moment of a random process. Different from all the fitting methods in the past, the MEP distribution can describe the probability distribution of any random fluctuation system conveniently and reasonably. If the moments of the random signal is limited to the second order, that is, the ratio of the root-mean-square value to the mean value of the random variable is obtained from the random sample, the corresponding MEP distribution can be computed according to the deduced expression in this essay. The concept of the wave climate is introduced here, and the MEP distribution is applied to fit the probability density distributions of the significant wave height and spectral peak period. Take the Mexico Gulf as an example, three stations at different locations, depths and wind wave strengths are chosen in the half-closed gulf,the significant wave height and spectral peak period distributions at each station are fitted with the MEP distribution, the Weibull distribution and the Log-normal distribution respectively, the fitted results are compared with the field observations, the results show that the MEP distribution is the best fitting method, and the Weibull distribution is the worst one when applied to the significant wave height and spectral peak period distributions at different locations, water depths and wind wave strengths in the Gulf. The conclusion shows the feasibility and reasonability of fitting wave climate statistical distributions with the deduced MEP distributions in this essay, and furthermore proves the great potential of MEP method to the study of wave statistical properties.     

建筑节能技术的效益分析

随着我国经济的高速发展,各行各业对能源的需求越来越大.Ai Z H N5i在各种能耗当中,我国的建筑能耗比例最大、发展最快,已占到全国总能耗的27.6%.目前,大量的建筑通过建筑节能技术的利用节约了能源,提高了室内的舒适度,不但有可观的经济效益,而且还产生诸多良好的社会效益,同时也减少了对大气的污染.     

碱渣脱除锌冶炼烟气中SO2的工艺

二氧化硫是主要大气污染物之一,严重影响环境,威胁人们的生活健康。削减二氧化硫的排放量,保护大气环境质量,是目前及未来相当长时间内我国环境保护的重要课题之一。株洲冶炼集团锌系统每天排放大量的烟气,烟气中含SO2 0.19%、SO3 0.031%（体积分数）,必须综合治理。过去一直采用液氨吸收烟气中的SO2和SO3来处理烟气,但该处理工艺存在以下不足：一是液氨需外购，且价格偏高，贮运困难；二是需耗用大量商品硫酸：三是造成大量的硫铵母液无法充分利用等。为解决此处理工艺的不足，     

青藏高原原生植被亟待保护

青藏高原原生植被地区是许多重要河流的发源地, 生态状况直接关系到青藏高原乃至国家的生态安全, 对全球的大气、水循环具有重要作用。一、青藏高原原生植被的形成青藏高原地势西北高东南低, 平均海拔 3000米以上。青藏高原的气候一方面受夏季印度西南季风和冬季西北环流控制, 另一方面又受到东南季风的影响, 沿东南至西北方向, 气候也由暖温湿润向寒冷半干旱和寒冷干旱变化, 由此形成了东南部降水量达到 2000— 3000毫米, 而在西北部仅为 300— 500毫米的现象。受地形地貌、气候等各方面因素的影响, 青藏高原的植被, 也呈现由东南向西北方…     

CORRELATION BETWEEN ASO AND AAO

Using a 34 years database consisting of sea level pressure and sea ice concentration, the relationship between Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and Antarctic Sea-ice Oscillation (ASO) was investigated. Firstly, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis depicts the spatial variability of AAO and ASO and Antarctic Sea-ice Oscillation Index (ASOI) was defined for the first time. Secondly, power spectrum and headlag correlation analysis show that ASO and AAO have the same periods of quasi-three years, quasi-one year and quasihalf a year. Corresponding to AAO, ASO has an evident antioscillation after one and half a year.     

笔下天地大气磅礴——人行郑州中心支行行长计承江的书法艺术及金融工作艺术

与计承江谈话．他递给记者一张折页的名片。这是一副奇特的名片灰色的底纹上嵌着银灰色草书作为背景．背景上面，一幅幅计承江自己的书法作品展现在眼前。细细读来．简直是一幅幅精美的艺术品!     

美国国家海洋与大气局战略规划--2005年展望

美国国家海洋与大气局NOAA）预测，在２１世纪，人类对环境的有效管理将会成为促进社会经济繁荣、提高人们生活质量、更好地保护人民的生命和财产及加强美国贸易平衡的重要手段。但要实现这一预测目标，NOAA认为面临以下挑战：·尽管在过去近３０年的时间里，科学与技术的发展使我们能够在了解和预测自然系统的运行行为，更有效地管理资源及改善环境质量方面取得了重要进展，考虑到环境问题的复杂性，还需要做出长期不懈的努力。如自然环境每天都影响着人类，特别是恶劣的天气能给人类社会和经济造成非常大的不良影响。能否作好应急准备…     

利用GPS资料分析可降水量研究

地基GPS技术已被公认为观测大气水汽最有潜力的手段.探讨利用区域GPS网探测可降水量时最佳网外辅助站个数的选取,在最佳网外辅助站个数的基础上,验证地基GPS探测可降水量的精度.研究结果表明,利用区域GPS网监测大气水汽时可选用2～3个网外辅助站,GPS监测大气可降水量变化与地面实际降水量有很强的相关性.