砂浆孔板洞临界空化荷载的实验测量及数值计算

本文介绍了一套用于测量空化荷载的自制仪器；给出了与砂浆孔板洞初生空蚀相应的临界空花荷载的测量结果；根据空泡动力方程；利用格尔莫方法数值模拟了与实验条件相应的空泡运动过程，并将计算的临界空化荷载与实验结果进行了比较。     

基于拟序结构的离心泵内空泡运动规律研究

从近壁区湍流拟序结构出发,研究离心泵内的空泡运动规律。首先利用空泡的Morrison方程得出了近壁区法向运动速度upx,然后基于拟序结构推导出了空泡在"扫掠"情况下的流向速度upy,最后用两个速度得到了基于近壁拟序结构的离心泵内的空泡对叶轮壁面的冲击角。研究表明离心泵内正是由于近壁区拟序时的"扫掠"作用造成了沙粒对叶轮壁面以小角度的冲击破坏,这与前人的试验观测结果基本吻合。     

三维薄翼入水水动力的计算

本文提供了一个计算三维薄翼高速入水水动力性能的非定常数值升力面方法。假设薄翼高速入水时,翼的背面为全空泡状态,当翼的随边进入液面后,此空泡域按一定的方向拖至自由液面。在翼的拱弧面上布置线涡和线源,在翼后空泡面上布置线源,所有的奇点系在自由液面上方存在映象以满足自由液面条件。根据翼迎流面的法向不可穿透条件和翼背面及翼后空泡面上的空泡动力学条件确定所有待定线涡和线源的强度,并由此可以计算各时刻翼上压力分布。利用本文提供的方法首先计算了二维薄翼入水的水动力性能,将结果与理论解进行比较,两者结果较为一致。然后,研究了三维薄翼的入水问题。     

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of unsteady attached sheet- cavitating flows in a centrifugal pump

This paper studies the attached sheet cavitation in centrifugal pumps. A pump casted from Perspex is used as the test subject. The cavitation bubbles were observed in the entrance of the impeller and the drops of the head coefficients were measured under different operating conditions. A Filter-Based Model (FBM), derived from the RNG k – ? model, and a modified Zwart model are adopted in the numerical predictions of the unsteady cavitating flows in the pump. The simulations are carried out and the results are compared with experimental results for 3 different flow coefficients, from 0.077 to 0.114. Under four operating conditions, qualitative comparisons are made between experimental and numerical cavitation patterns, as visualized by a high-speed camera and described as isosurfaces of the vapour volume fraction α_v = 0.1. It is shown that the simulation can truly represent the development of the attached sheet cavitation in the impeller. At the same time, the curves for the drops of the head coefficients obtained from experiments and calculations are also quantitatively compared, which shows that the decline of the head coefficients at every flow coefficient is correctly captured, and the prediction accuracy is high. In addition, the detailed analysis is made on the vapour volume fraction contours on the plane of span is 0.5 and the loading distributions around the blade section at the midspan. It is shown that the FBM model and the modified Zwart model are effective for the numerical simulation of the cavitating flow in centrifugal pumps. The analysis results can also be used as the basis for the further research of the attached sheet cavitation and the improvement of centrifugal pumps.     

变速运动锥体超空泡形状分析与预测

研究了锥体空化器变速运动时非定常自然超空化流问题。基于势流理论,通过在对称轴上分布奇点(源和汇)的方法,建立了变速运动超空泡的积分方程。应用时间有限差分离散化方法,对问题进行了数值求解。分析了锥体空化器在做变速运动时(如速度脉冲变化、加速或减速等),超空泡长度和形状的非定常变化规律。同时,对基于本文方法得到的结果与已有理论的计算结果作了定性比较。本文的分析和预测结果可望为水下航行体空化器的分析与设计起到指导和数据参考作用。     

EMERGENCE ANGLE OF FLOW OVER AN AERATOR

Aerator is an important device for release works of hydraulic structures with high-speed flow in order to protect them from cavitation damage. This kind of protecting effect is related closely to cavity length below the aerator, while the cavity length is dominated by the emergence angle over the aerator. Therefore it is crucial to determine this angle accurately. In the present paper the affecting intensities of flow depth and the fluctuating velocity on this angle were analyzed through two introduced parameters. Furthermore, the improved expressions of emergence angle estimation, for both ramp-type and step-type aerators, were presented by means of 68 sets of experimental data from 6 projects based on error theory. The results showed that the present method has higher accuracy than the previously reported methods.     

小空化数下超空泡航行体的阻力特性试验研究

为了研究小空化数下超空泡形态航行体的阻力特性,针对带圆盘空化器头部的航行体设计加工了4种不同结构参数的航行体试验模型.并在水靶道中进行了这些模型的水下航行试验,航行体空化数接近10-4,试验中测量出航行体发射点和某点的航行速度,计算出航行体的平均空化数.数据处理后得到了航行体的平均阻力系数,分析了空化器直径、航行体长细比、空化数对航行体阻力特性的影响;还在试验数据基础上,分析了小空化下航行体的自然超空泡减阻率.结果表明:在超空泡形态下,空化数接近10-4航行体的超空泡减阻率可达98%.这个研究结果为进一步研究小空化数下航行体的水动力特性和弹道特性提供了理论参考和试验数据.     

IMPROVEMENT OF BUBBLE MODEL FOR CAVITATING FLOW SIMULATIONS

In the present research,a bubble dynamics based model for cavitating flow simulations is extended to higher void fraction region for wider range of applications.The present bubble model is based on the so-called Rayleigh-Plesset equation that calculates a temporal bubble radius with the surrounding liquid pressure and is considered to be valid in an area below a certain void fraction.The solution algorithm is modified so that the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is no more solved once the bubble radius(or void fraction)reaches at a certain value till the liquid pressure recovers above the vapor pressure in order to overcome this problem.This procedure is expected to stabilize the numerical calculation.The results of simple two-dimensional flow field are presented compared with the existing bubble model.     

MEASUREMENT OF BUBBLE-BUBBLE INTERACTION DEPENDED ON REYNOLDS NUMBER USING STEREOSCOPIC BUBBLE-TRACKING TECHNIQUE

1.　INTRODUCTIONBubble and bubblyflowsplaya significant rolein many industrial processes, such as chemicalplants, bio reactors, nuclear power plants, bubble driven circulation systems used in metal processingoperation for steel making, ladle metallurgy andthe secondary refining of aluminum and copper.Air bubbles near a free surface or cavitation bub bles can be used in naval applications. It is alsoknown that micro bubbles have a potential to re strict the frictio…     

非对称头型对航行器入水空泡及弹道特性影响的实验研究

非对称头型能够帮助空投入水的航行器快速达到水平航行状态,在实际中有着较好的应用场景。该文采用了高速摄影的方法,通过开展不同构型头型的实验模型入水冲击试验,揭示非对称头型在5-12 m/s的不同冲击速度和60°、70°、80°和90°的不同冲击角度下入水空泡生成演变机理与入水弹道变化特性。通过数字图像识别技术提取模型的入水弹道轨迹和姿态角的变化从而研究其入水弹道的演变规律。研究结果表明:切角头型使得模型头部受到流体的横向偏转力矩作用,从而使得模型弹道发生偏转;随着入水速度的增加,带有非对称头型模型的弹道偏转幅度随之增加;平头和大切角头型在倾斜入水时由于左右两侧空泡压力差的作用,会使得模型产生俯冲弹道;在不同实验工况下,模型姿态角随时间的变化遵循抛物线变化规律;带有小切角的非对称头型的模型在入水时会形成更大开口直径的空泡,同时产生不对称的入水空泡。