黄河干流河道输水量与输沙量关系研究

在系统回顾已有河道输水输沙特性研究成果的基础上,从张瑞瑾水流挟沙力公式入手,引入来流含沙量的概念,推导出河道输水量与输沙量关系式。采用实测资料分析,分别得到了黄河干流河道兰州至利津站不同河段输水量与输沙量关系式,相关关系较好。黄河干流各河段输水量与输沙量关系特点的分析表明：兰州-石嘴山和潼关-利津河段受大型水利枢纽运行影响较大,石嘴山-头道拐与头道拐-潼关河段分别受比降变化和支流入汇影响较大;随着河道水流含沙量的增大,输水量对输沙量的影响逐渐减小。     

河库联合调度预报技术探析

贺江流域2013.8暴雨洪水期间,通过准确入库洪水预报,以贺江下游重要城镇安全泄洪量为控制,科学合理利用合面狮水库成功进行调蓄错峰,取得良好的防洪效果,分析了开展河库联合调度预报的技术路线及方法,为广泛开展河库联合调度预报服务提供参考及借鉴。     

恭城河“2015.5”暴雨洪水分析

2015年5月,恭城河流域上游普降暴雨,恭城水文站发生了自1953年有实测水文资料以来的历史第二大洪水。通过对这场暴雨的特点和洪水的特性进行分析,探究恭城河流域暴雨洪水特性,提高洪水预报的及时性和准确性。     

白龙江流域地貌演化及其对地质灾害的影响

白龙江流域地处我国地貌第一阶梯向第二阶梯的过渡地带,是我国地质灾害最为严重的区域之一。近年来的研究表明,青藏高原隆升对白龙江流域地貌演化的影响是非常显著的。白龙江流域地貌演化具有梯级、差异隆起的特征,流域内夷平面、多层溶洞系统和河流阶地的发育是对高原隆升的直接响应。地貌演化和地震、降水的时空耦合,形成了现阶段白龙江流域地震-崩塌、滑坡-泥石流链式灾害模式,高原隆升效应是白龙江流域地质灾害发育的根本原因。随着山地的进一步隆升,白龙江流域地质灾害的发育动力条件将更加充分,并在一定时期内仍处于高发态势,这是地貌演化过程中的动力再平衡过程。     

长江流域水资源保护法规体系建设与思考

目前,国家关于水资源保护制定了一系列的法规,初步形成了法规体系,但长江流域的水资源保护具有一些特殊性,如三峡工程、南水北调工程、上游梯级水电开发的累积影响等,因此,流域水资源保护需要有一些针对性强的法规。从实施有关法规的需要和从长江流域水资源保护实际需要出发,探讨了制定流域配套法规,以解决长江流域水资源保护中特殊问题。长江流域水资源保护立法应注重对长江及其水资源经济功能和生态功能的统一保护,遵循以流域为单元进行保护以及预防为主的原则,立法内容要体现长江流域的特点。     

马海盆地鱼卡河下游流域地下水均衡估算

鱼卡河下游位于柴达木盆地北部边缘的马海盆地,地下水是当地重要水源之一。通过搜集气象、水文资料及查阅相关文献,结合野外实地考查与试验,在掌握其水文地质基本特征的基础上,计算了其地下水系统2000~2013年的地下水均衡量。结果表明:对于流域内的地下水系统而言,河流渗漏补给是其主要补给源,约占总补给量的77.8%,而潜水蒸发是其主要排泄方式,约占整个系统排泄量的85.6%。流域内地下水年均补给总量为10 260.5万m~3/a,年均排泄总量为108 96.6万m~3/a,地下水均衡差为636.1万m~3/a,地下水位呈59 mm/a的下降趋势。研究结果对流域地下水资源量计算、地下水环境以及生态环境保护等均具有一定的参考价值。     

Process,Policy, and Implementation of Pool‐Wide Drawdowns on the Upper Mississippi River: A Promising Approach for Ecological Restoration of Large Impounded Rivers

The Upper Mississippi River (UMR) has been developed and subsequently managed for commercial navigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The navigation pools created by a series of lock and dams initially provided a complex of aquatic habitats that supported a variety of fish and wildlife. However, biological productivity declined as the pools aged. The River Resources Forum, an advisory body to the St. Paul District of the USACE, established a multiagency Water Level Management Task Force (WLMTF) to evaluate the potential of water level management to improve ecological function and restore the distribution and abundance of fish and wildlife habitat. The WLMTF identified several water level management options and concluded that summer growing season drawdowns at the pool scale offered the greatest potential to provide habitat benefits over a large area. Here we summarize the process followed to plan and implement pool‐wide drawdowns on the UMR, including involvement of stakeholders in decision making, addressing requirements to modify reservoir operating plans, development and evaluation of drawdown alternatives, pool selection, establishment of a monitoring plan, interagency coordination, and a public information campaign. Three pool‐wide drawdowns were implemented within the St. Paul District and deemed successful in providing ecological benefits without adversely affecting commercial navigation and recreational use of the pools. Insights are provided based on more than 17 years of experience in planning and implementing drawdowns on the UMR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Age‐0 Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Consumption in the Lower Missouri River

A lack of nutritious food during the first year of life is a hypothesized factor that may limit survival of endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the lower Missouri River (LMOR). Unfortunately, information for age‐0 pallid sturgeon diets remains limited, but diet analyses for age‐0 Scaphirhynchus spp. (sturgeon hereafter) have occurred. Little information, however, exists on age‐0 sturgeon diets in the LMOR; thus, our primary objective was to document age‐0 sturgeon diets in this system. We examined guts contents from 30 individuals, which were genetically identified as shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, and three stomachs were empty. The remaining age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon consumed chironomid larvae almost exclusively (>98% of prey items consumed). Our results were similar to studies conducted in other systems, and it appears unlikely that a lack of nutritious food was a major factor affecting the individuals captured during this study. This effort provides important information to help guide ongoing adaptive management efforts in the LMOR. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

基于调度特征的水电站水库丰平枯水年划分

传统的径流丰平枯划分方法未能结合水库的调节作用,因此在指导水电站水库实际调度时具有一定的局限性。本文以金沙江中游梯级水电站水库优化调度系统为例,通过对系统特征的分析,提出了基于调度特征的水电站水库丰平枯水年划分方法。其划分结果与实际调度结果的一致性高达94%,表明了该方法的可靠性。传统的水文划分是基于输入的单因子、静态划分,而基于调度特征的划分是基于输出的多因子、动态划分,可以适应复杂的实际调度情景,能更有效地指导水电站水库调度模式的选择,具有重要的实用价值。     

黄河下游径流输沙多时间尺度特征及其耦合分析

基于黄河下游花园口、高村、艾山、利津四站1950~2005年实测年径流量、年输沙量,运用小波变换方法分析了径流量、输沙量多时间尺度特征及其耦合关系。研究表明:(1)黄河下游径流量存在10年、15年、21年的主要变化周期,其中21年为首要主周期,周期变化特性最为显著,周期长度为10年左右;(2)黄河下游输沙量存在7年、15年、20年的主要变化周期,其中20年为首要主周期;(3)水量、沙量的主要周期基本保持一致。根据主周期对应尺度下小波系数曲线变化情况可以得出黄河下游径流量、输沙量在2005年以后十几年呈下降趋势。