Adaptation of urban water supply infrastructure to impacts from climate and socioeconomic changes: The case of Hamilton,New Zealand

While the relations between climate variables and sectoral water demand have been well established in the literature, few studies have attempted to quantify changes in urban water usage with climate change. Concentrating on the city of Hamilton, New Zealand, we investigate possible water use and infrastructure needs for a range of climate and population projections. We find that water demand (at the monthly aggregate level) is largely driven by changes in population, and not significantly affected by changes in climate. However, as population increases, the effect of climate variables on per capita consumption will be magnified. Monthly aggregate changes may further mask potenially significant short-term shortages. In several scenarios, water supply shortages in 2030 occur with a 30--40% probability, suggesting needs for long-term capacity expansion or aggressive demand side management, rather than implementation of short-term management of water demand.     

英国《气候变化法》的出台及其减排路线图

2008年11月26日英国《气候变化法》最终经女王批准形成法律,使英国成为世界上第一个将温室气体减排目标以法律形式确定下来的国家。论述了该法出台的过程、主要内容及其出台的背后原因,并分析出英国未来减排的路线图。这些结论对我国未来对气候变化有很好的参考价值。     

多源程序公平气氛影响个体创造力的跨层次效应

从来源角度探讨组织公平,是对现有多维度公平理论框架的重要补充。基于动机理论中的自我决定理论,以来自20个组织55个团队的250份团队领导与成员配对问卷为样本,探索中国情境下多源程序公平气氛对个体创造力的跨层次影响及作用机理。研究结果显示:不同来源（来源于领导和来源于组织）的程序公平气氛均对个体创造力有显著正向影响;心理授权在来源于领导的程序公平气氛和来源于组织的程序公平气氛对个体创造力的跨层次影响中均发挥中介作用;权力距离在来源于组织的程序公平气氛与员工心理授权的关系间起调节作用,即权力距离越高,来源于组织的程序公平气氛对员工心理授权的影响越强。     

重大科研项目团队心理资本维度及与创新绩效的关系

实施创新驱动发展战略、推动科技创新的核心要素是人,然而鲜有研究关注重大科研项目团队中人的健康状态,特别是心理状态与心理品质。基于此,运用扎根理论对4个重大科研项目团队（共10名成员）的访谈资料进行编码,发现重大科研项目团队心理资本包括团队自信、团队希望、团队乐观、团队韧性、团队合作和团队责任6个维度,且各维度对创新绩效具有积极作用。此外,根据访谈资料并结合以往研究成果,提出 “团队氛围和团队协同合作分别在团队心理资本与团队绩效关系中起调节效应及中介效应”的假设,并建议关注重大科研团队及其成员心理资本的开发和培育,推动科研团队持续高效健康发展。     

意大利应对能源危机和气候变化的主要措施

意大利是一个能源高度依赖进口的国家,在可再生能源的利用和使用技术方面处于世界领先地位。其节能减排计划是在欧洲气候能源包计划总体框架的基础上进行的,有出台鼓励改善建筑能源效率政策、实施建筑光伏计划、热太阳能利用等;在应对气候变化方面,适时修改税收政策,加强废弃物的立法管理,推行新型城市交通变化,发展碳捕获和存储技术等。我国应看到欧美联手利用气候变化问题抬高第三世界国家发展经济的门槛。     

Vulnerability assessment of water resources to climate change in Chinese cities

Climate change is an inevitable trend,which challenges security of water resources in China,especially in cities.Assessing vulnerability of water resource to climate change in cities has important role for policy makers. The paper constructs a vulnerability function,including exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity,according to the vulnerability concept proposed by IPCC,establishes an assessment indicators system of water resources to climate change in cities,and analyzes vulnerability features of Chinese cites based on 655 cities＇data in 2006.The vulnerability assessment results show that there are distinctive differences among all the cities,between east,central and west cities,between ordinary,big and mega cities,while there is no statistical significant difference between north and south cities.Based on the research,the paper suggests that strategic emphasis should focus on the central cities and ordinary cities     

全球气候变化下碳排放与交易的会计问题:最新发展与评述

由于CO2大量排放,不仅使全球气候变化问题更加严峻,而且给企业带来了巨大的财务影响及会计处理难题。近年来,国际会计学界、相关机构及协会纷纷对二氧化碳排放所引起的会计问题展开理论研究和实务探讨,并取得了一系列的进展。本文介绍了当前国际研究机构及相关研究者就碳排放与交易的会计处理、规范所作的努力和最新研究成就,同时也提出了我国发展碳排放与交易的会计规范所需注意的原则及相关建议。     

气候变化政策中的技术变迁模型

技术变迁对于减缓和适应气候变化起着至关重要的作用。对近年来关于气候变化政策模型研究中的技术变迁处理方法进行了回顾。气候变化政策模型中广泛应用的有"自下而上"和"自上而下"两种方法,前者强调对能源系统细节的、技术性的处理方法,后者强调理论上对整个经济体的一致性描述。自下而上和自上而下模型都是为了帮助设计温室气体的减排政策,但是两种模型都依赖于对能源替代性和技术变迁动力学的过于简单的假设。通过对气候变化政策分析中常用的综合性模型进行归纳,总结不同模型的前提假设和模型中处理技术变迁的不同方法,以及不同的计算方法。     

Balancing the dual mandate of conservation and visitor use at a Canadian world heritage site in an era of rapid climate change

Abstract

National parks in Canada operate under the dual mandate of conservation and visitor use, which involves balancing ecological integrity and nature-based tourism activities. Climate-induced environmental change may increase the existing tension between conservation and visitor use as major tourism resources located in protected areas (PAs) are projected to undergo large-scale changes. This study draws upon the behavioural approach, scenario planning, and landscape visualizations to examine the relationship between climate change impacts, visitor perceptions, and visitor experience management at the Athabasca Glacier in Jasper National Park, Canada. Four tourism development scenarios defined by two management drivers (ecological integrity and visitor demand) with corresponding storylines and visualizations were developed for 2050. The visualized scenarios were presented to visitors (n?=?304) in a survey to understand potential implications on visitor satisfaction. The results suggest that park managers need to find a balance between ecological integrity and visitor use in a way that ensures commercialized tourism development is limited, educational material is prioritized, and ecological integrity is maintained. While understanding the behaviour of future tourists is complex, it is a critical component of climate change adaptation planning and decision-making processes that needs to be prioritized by policymakers and PAs managers.     

It’s so hot: predicting climate change effects on urban tourists’ time–space experience

Abstract

Progressive changes in mean annual temperatures are arguably the strongest evidence of ongoing climate change. In destinations with a Mediterranean climate, in contrast to the colder months, during summer, rising air temperatures are believed to inhibit tourist movements and activities, and consequently affect tourists’ evaluation of and satisfaction with their experiences. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the potential impact of climate change on tourists’ time–space activity using actual behavioural tracking-based information. Data collected via GPS technology and a post-visit survey of tourists (n = 404) visiting Lisbon during the summer were analysed via structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results report empirical evidence of the present impact of (summer) weather on urban tourists’ time–space activity and on their intra-destination experience evaluation. Specifically, maximum air temperature is found to have a significant negative effect on overall satisfaction, while the meteorological conditions of the entire day reveal a significant impact on tourists’ activities and movements. The results are particularly useful for the sustainable adaptive management of urban attractions and destinations that are especially vulnerable to climate change, as well as in managing its adverse impact on tourists’ experiences.