化学灌浆在输水隧洞渗漏处理中的运用

福清市闽江调水工程输水隧洞,原地下水较活跃,后经水泥灌浆,堵住大部分水,但渗漏现象还比较严重,难以靠单一的水泥灌浆彻底堵住渗漏,后经采用PU4水溶性聚氨酯对漏水点进行化学灌浆取得了较好的止水效果。PU4水溶性聚氨酯是一种单组份灌浆材料,其遇水后自行分散、乳化、发泡,立即进行聚合反应,聚合后的固结体有良好的延伸性、弹性及抗渗性,体现了弹性止水和以水止水的双重功能。可供类似工程参考。     

Effects of human activities on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and water quality in the upper catchment of the Mara River Basin,Kenya

Land‐use changes in the upper reaches of the Mara River Basin have modified their biophysical and hydrological processes, resulting in water quality degradation in streams. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of human activities on water quality and macroinvertebrates along the Nyangores River, one of the main tributaries of the Mara River, Kenya. Seven sampling sites were chosen to correspond to the loss of riparian cover, livestock watering and human activities (e.g. laundry washing, bathing, cultivation, wastewater inputs, dumping of solid wastes from urban areas and settlements along the river). Physical–chemical variables and water samples for nutrient analyses were collected monthly from February to July 2012. Benthic macroinvertebrates also were collected at the same sites as for the water quality samples. Two‐way analysis of variance tested the significant differences for each variable among the sites. Similarity percentages (SIMPER) analysis was used to identify the key taxa contributing to differences between minimally disturbed and most disturbed conditions in the study area. The results indicated increased nutrient concentrations in agricultural and settlement areas. Significant (P < 0.05) spatial–temporal variations in water quality variables were observed. A total of 42 macroinvertebrate genera were encountered, with Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera orders dominating the minimally disturbed areas, and Diptera dominating the disturbed areas receiving point and no‐point solid and liquid wastes, including nutrients, from urban areas and settlements. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed significant relationships between macroinvertebrate communities and measured physicochemical variables. The results of this study indicate the need for protection of riparian zones and treatment of sewerage wastes before their release into waterways. The dumping of solid wastes near streams and rivers also is discouraged, to maintain the quality of surface waters and aquatic organisms.     

臭氧─活性炭吸附技术处理含酚废水实验研究

为提高含酚废水的处理技术,改善水生态平衡,分别采用臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附─臭氧氧化和臭氧氧化─活性炭吸附联用等方法处理含酚废水。试验结果表明:臭氧氧化─活性炭吸附联用技术处理含酚废水效果最好;得出的最佳试验条件为:活性炭加入量为30g/L、吸附时间为20min、臭氧流量为8mg/min、反应时间为20min及溶液初始p H值为8.5。在最佳试验条件下,臭氧氧化─活性炭吸附联用工艺对CODCr的去除率为74.60%。     

纳米铁/活性炭新型材料的制备及其对铜离子的吸附性能研究

以活性炭为载体,采用沉淀法制备纳米铁/活性炭新型材料,对活性炭的结构变化进行BET和TEM表征分析,研究纳米铁负载前后活性炭对水中铜离子的吸附能力以及p H值、起始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附性能的影响,同时考察其再生性能。结果表明:纳米铁成功负载于活性炭上,随着p H值的增加,吸附容量逐渐增大,当p H=6时,纳米铁/活性炭的最大吸附量为18.73 mg/g,与活性炭相比提高了150%。新型材料对铜离子的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,对铜离子的吸附量随时间变化的规律符合准二级动力学模型,由于负载的纳米铁阻碍了铜离子向材料表面扩散,其吸附速率仅为0.002 g/(mg·min),与活性炭相比下降了60%左右。新型材料再生效率高,具有较好的应用前景。     

高级氧化-IC-曝气工艺处理克林霉素生产废水实例

某药业股份有限公司克林霉素生产废水采用高级氧化-IC-曝气工艺处理,重点介绍了工程的调试启动。工程运行结果表明,出水水质稳定,COD为112mg/L,BOD5为23mg/L,SS为48mg/L,NH3-N为37.1mg/L,TN为49.6mg/L,硫化物为0.72mg/L,急性毒性(以HgCl2毒性当量计)为0.05mg/L,pH为8.22,处理后出水毒性和有机物浓度都大大降低,各项水质指标符合《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21904-2008)的要求。     

Rehabilitating rivers and enhancing ecosystem services in a water-scarcity context: the Yarqon River

After the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, the increase in urban and agricultural water demand and the increased flow of poorly treated sewage had a severe impact in one of the most ecologically important rivers in Israel, the Yarqon. The attempt to reverse this situation began with the creation of the Yarqon River Authority in 1988. In the last 20 years, the authority has implemented or collaborated in several projects that have significantly contributed to enhancing the provision of ecological services. This article aims to analyze the case of the pollution and subsequent rehabilitation of aquatic ecosystem services in the Israeli water-scarcity context.     

黄河内蒙古段干流沉积物中砷含量及形态研究

为探明黄河内蒙古段沉积物中砷含量及形态分布特征,采集黄河内蒙古段干流柱状沉积物,采用HNO4-H2SO4-HCl O4法消解沉积物样品,提取沉积物中吸附型砷(A-As)、铝型砷(Al-As)、铁型砷(Fe-As)、钙型砷(CaAs)、包蔽型砷(O-As)5种形态砷,并采用氢化物发生原子荧光分光光度法测定砷含量。结果表明:黄河内蒙古段干流柱状沉积物中砷含量为7.123~16.661 mg/kg,平均为9.292 mg/kg;从整体上看,左岸沉积物砷含量高于右岸,随深度增加砷含量呈下降趋势,从上游至下游砷含量在黑柳子段出现高值;黄河内蒙古段沉积物中砷以Ca-As为主,O-As次之;随着深度的增加,总体上,Ca-As含量略有升高,A-As和O-As含量有所下降,Al-As和Fe-As含量基本不变。     

混凝土裂缝化学灌浆压力模拟与合适压力探讨

在混凝土裂缝灌浆过程中,为了解灌浆压力在裂缝中的分布情况,将混凝土裂缝化学灌浆看作一个流体力学问题来求解。根据流体力学的基本原理,采用目前国际上广泛应用的fluent软件,对灌浆过程中裂缝不同部位的压力分布状况进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在不同灌浆方式和离灌浆口不同距离的条件下,灌浆压力的沿程衰减和压力大小是不同的,据此对合适灌浆压力进行了探讨。该成果可在一定程度上用于指导灌浆施工。     

势能增氧生态净化工艺在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

比较污水处理好氧工艺生物转盘法和滴滤池法的优缺点,并结合两种废水处理方法的优点,设计新的工艺——势能增氧生态净化工艺,对南京市腊梅食品厂高浓度有机废水进行处理。结果表明,势能增氧生态净化工艺设计简单,不需鼓风曝气,污水进入废水处理系统后出水即达到所要求的水质标准,且全部自控管理,具有废水处理效果佳、运行费用低的特点。