两种田间渠道的设计及应用

随着国家对“三农”问题的逐步重视，农田水利等基础设施的投入也将逐步加强，笔者通过近几年在农业综合开发等农田水利项目中对渠系的设计与应用，挑选了在实际应用过程中较为有效的两种田间渠道，从设计、施工及应用方面对其进行了分析。     

浅谈设计阶段对工程造价的有效控制措施

工程造价的有效控制关键在于设计阶段。从工作实际出发，重点探讨了设计阶段对工程造价有效控制的原则和措施。     

The Siting of Hazardous Waste Facilities in Federal Systems: The Political Economy of NIMBY

This paper offers a new political economy explanation for thepervasive problem of siting hazardous waste treatment facilitiesin federal system. We first show that a decentralized systemyields the first-best waste treatment capacity level and that acentralized structure gives rise to free-riding behavior amonglocal jurisdictions. In our model, each community seeks toinfluence the central government through political contributions.This leads to suboptimal levels of treatment capacity. Thecapacity is increasing in the compensation level if the marginalbenefit of treatment capacity is sufficiently large, and in thegovernment's weight on aggregate social welfare relative tolobbying activities. The centralized system can replicate thedecentralized system with a sufficiently high compensation level.Since compensation has proved difficult, a centralized systemfaces greater obstacles than a decentralized system.     

论烟盒包装的设计艺术

包装设计在产品与消费者之间起着＂桥梁＂作用,烟盒包装承载着控烟宣传与传达香烟的品质、品味、品貌等信息的双重功能,烟盒包装设计对树立香烟的品牌价值和企业文化建设具有重要意义。烟盒包装的色彩设计、图案设计要为树立和保持本企业香烟的品质、品味、品貌做出贡献,以其独特的品牌魅力吸引消费者。     

The Logical Framework Approach–Millennium

The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) has proved to be a valuable tool for project approval, design, and evaluation. However, a few pitfalls make it hard to use within today's project management framework and to integrate with other project management tools. This article proposes an updated version of the LFA to improve its compatibility with today's corporate culture, project management framework, and tools. We propose to call the updated tool the Logical Framework Approach–Millennium (LFA‐M). The LFA‐M is a seven‐step approach leading to the development of the Logframe‐Millennium (LF‐M), a five‐column and four‐line matrix describing major project commitments and providing an overall understanding of the project. It was successfully implemented at the Canadian Space Agency and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. The LFA‐M fits well within today's project management framework and corporate culture and leads easily to other project management tools.     

Toward a more practical approach to evaluating programs: The Multi‐Objective Realization approach

Emerging trends indicate that programs are being used to deliver benefits that may not be fully harnessed from single sets of uncoordinated projects. To support this movement, it is essential to have suitable measurement frameworks to assess the contribution of these activities and supply decision makers with valuable data on whether their objectives are being realized. This paper introduces the Multi‐Objective Realization Method (MORE) to help measure the strategic contributions of programs. The main principles of MORE underline the importance of a formal strategy to elicit and develop program objectives and to frame those objectives within defined measurement dimensions.     

墙体砌块保温性能和强度的正交试验分析

采用正交试验的方法分析和研究了多因素作用下墙体砌块的保温性能和抗压强度，并使用极差分析方法对试验测试结果进行分析，得到了影响墙体砌块导热系数和抗压强度的主次因素，确定了墙体砌块的合理配比，为墙体保温砌块的设计和制备提供依据．     

浅谈旅游品牌色彩识别设计

品牌是一种生存和发展的战略,品牌让人最易记住的是其名称、标识符号和色彩。面对形形色色的旅游品牌,人们关注更多的是其漂亮的品牌标志,而看似简单的品牌色彩识别设计,因其抽象性而不易被人更深认知。品牌色彩通过视知觉刺激于人的心理,具有强烈的感情魅力、视觉识别效应和传播效果。旅游品牌选用什么色彩并非随意为之,应该给予科学的色彩识别设计。     

技术监督在水力压裂过程中的应用分析

从压裂方案的设计与施工过程入手,针对各道工序的技术要点及控制关键,全面分析技术监督的重要意义和对施工质量的影响,以求提高作业质量,增加油水井措施效果。     

Contests with Multi-tasking*

The standard contest model in which participants compete in a single dimension is well understood and documented. Multi‐dimension extensions are possible but are liable to increase the complexity of the contest structure, mitigating one of its main advantages: simplicity. In this paper we propose an extension in which competition ensues in several dimensions, and a competitor that wins a certain number of these is awarded a prize. The amount of information needed to run the contest is hence limited to the number of dimensions won by each player. We look at the design of this contest from the point of view of maximising effort in the contest (per dimension and totally), and show that there will be a tendency to run small contests with few dimensions. The standard Tullock model and its results are encompassed by our framework.