New development: A new COFOG for South Korea

The South Korean government's Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG) is grounded in the System of National Accounts (SNA), rather than Government Finance Statistics (GFS). This article explains why a GFS-based classification might be beneficial to South Korea for the purposes of fiscal management and the comparison of government expenditures with other countries.     

Sample attrition and labor force dynamics: Evidence from the Spanish labor force survey

In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys. Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly. Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities.     

江西省2007年水库出险原因与对策

通过对江西省2007年水库出险特点分析,总结水库防汛工作经验,阐述防汛工作存在的不足,对今后水库防汛工作提出思路与建议.     

建设现代化的城市防洪体系——太原市防洪现状分析及指挥决策支持系统的建立

城市防洪问题日渐突出。如何建设高质量、高标准的防洪工程，对可能贩各级洪水，作出迅速、准确的预测预报，并相应采取积极完善的防御措施，把洪灾造成的损失降低到最低限度，确保人民生命财产的安全和城市的现代化建设与发展，就显得尤为重要。本文着重不太原市防洪工程硬件设施建设和软件防洪指挥决策支持系统的建立作简要的介绍，并对存在的主要问题提出建设性的意见。     

从1998年抚河大水所想到的几个问题

１９９８年６月抚河出现超过有水文资料记载的历史最高水位，达３３．０８ｍ，洪峰流量为９８００ｍ３／ｓ，相当于１６年一遇（２０年一遇洪峰流量为１０５００ｍ３／ｓ），然而设计标准为抗５０年一遇洪水的抚西堤来说，却多次出现险情，由此感到必须从多方面着力综合整治，才能达到确保工程和人民生命财产安全之目的     

高压喷射灌浆技术简介

高压喷射灌浆（下简称高喷）技术，虽是一项新技术，有些问题还有待进一步完善，但其发展势头之迅，足以说明它所具有的功能、优点，有很强的推广价值，引黄工程大梁水库坝基防渗墙就是一例。本文介绍了高喷技术原理、分类、适用范围、设备、工序以及主要参数确定等     

Openness of the economy,terms of trade,and arms

It is estimated that world military spending in 2011 amounted to over 2.5% of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This corresponds to a spending of $233 per person in the world at 2010 constant prices, an amount close to the GDP per capita of the poorest country in the world. Therefore, it is important for economists to understand the allocation of resources to this sector of the economy. I present a model that explores the determinants of a country's level of military spending. I show how greater gains from trade can lead to greater military expenditures to protect them. It is also found that expansion in the demand for a country's tradable commodities, that is, an improvement in that country's terms of trade, will impact defense spending. Several other propositions emerge from the model which are then empirically tested using both pooled and time series data. The statistical results support the model's propositions.     

The Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth and Productivity in the U.S. States

Research and development (R&D) has a large effect on both state output and total factor productivity in the long run. Our estimates for the private sector of the U.S. states from 1963 to 2007 show that the R&D elasticity averages 0.056–0.143. The implied returns to state Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from R&D spending are 82–211%. There are also positive R&D spillovers, with 70–80% of the total returns accruing to other states. We also find that states with more human capital have higher own‐ and other‐R&D elasticities, and those in lowest tier of economic development have the least own‐state R&D elasticity but the highest other‐R&D elasticity. In addition, we find that the positive effect of R&D spillovers across states is larger when we consider R&D spillovers across states based on economic similarity of R&D across sectors.     

Patents,R&D subsidies,and endogenous market structure in a schumpeterian economy

This study explores the different implications of patent breadth and R&D subsidies on economic growth and endogenous market structure in a Schumpeterian growth model. We find that when the number of firms is fixed in the short run, patent breadth and R&D subsidies serve to increase economic growth as in previous studies. However, when market structure adjusts endogenously in the long run, R&D subsidies increase economic growth but decrease the number of firms, whereas patent breadth expands the number of firms but reduces economic growth. Therefore, in accordance with empirical evidence, R&D subsidy is perhaps a more suitable policy instrument than patent breadth for the purpose of stimulating long‐run economic growth.     

强化铅山县乡镇防办能力建设的几点思考

总结了江西省铅山县乡镇防汛抗旱指挥部办公室建设存在的主要问题,对强化该县防汛抗旱指挥部办公室能力建设提出了建议.