“网河”非稳定流模型在洪泛区洪流演进中的应用

将宽阔的溃口洪水行进范围概化成由河道水塘和联系河道组成的网河,用一维非恒定流方程组来描述主要的水充运动状态,通过简化和变换,改写成统一的四点线性隐式有限差的方程组形式,再用双消除法求解,全部计算在微机上实现,参数用实测资料率定,成果具有较好的精度,在一定程度上反映出横水流方向的水位流量变化,为防洪水利计算开辟一条新的途径。     

液压卧倒闸坝在拦河坝工程中的应用

简述液压卧倒闸坝在江西省宜春市袁州区温汤镇防洪工程拦河坝中的应用。设计通过对多方案技术经济比选,推荐采用液压卧倒闸坝。可供类似工程参考。     

关于现代河流生态保护的哲学思考

从矛盾观、自然观、系统观等唯物辩证法的方法论入手,对河流生态保护进行了哲学反恩。必须运用系统的观点来看待河流系统,保护河流系统的完整性和连续性;必须减轻人类活动对河流自然形态的限制,恢复河流的千姿百态;必须深刻认识河流的演化规律,正确处理好人类和河流之间的关系,不断实现人水和谐;必须尊重河流生命,从辩证的角度在河流开发利用与河流保护之间不断寻求折中点,通过最大努力保护和修复河流生态。     

Flood Management in Japan—From Rivers to Basins

Abstract

The River Commission of the Ministry of Construction in Japan recommended a basin response to floods in its December 2000 Interim Report to Minister of Construction. This is practically an official declaration of the policy accepting inundation in habited areas. By this policy shift, it is anticipated that more basin response measures and non-structural measures against floods will be promoted to complement structural measures such as continuous levees and dams. Such a policy is not new in the world but is a significant governmental move in Japan, a densely populated, highly developed, and highly flood hazardous country. Although living with floods is a universal coping strategy, the implementation of measures should be different from region to region reflecting region's nature and socio-economic conditions. This paper reviews the flood fighting history of Japan and her statutory evolution against floods and shows the process by which the ever-increasing flood damage potential and the recent increase of flood damages necessitated the official move in flood control management from rivers to basins.     

水电站群长期典型日调峰电量最大模型研究

针对水电站群长期优化调度与典型日负荷分配的结合问题,建立了典型日调峰电量最大模型,采用逐次切负荷算法进行各长期调度时段典型日负荷分配,并将其嵌入长期优化调度模型。以各时段典型日剩余负荷过程最大值最小化作为优化目标,从而将长期优化调度和典型日负荷分配统一于一个模型中。通过凝聚函数法进行目标函数转换,以逐步优化算法求解。实例研究表明,该模型能够体现水电长期调度的电力电量平衡需求,结果比仅考虑平均负荷的模型更合理,并能够同时得到长期调度计划和典型日负荷分配方案,对电网水火电联合调度背景下的水电站群长期优化调度问题具有实际应用价值。     

AMPHIBIAN OCCUPANCY IN FLOOD‐CREATED AND EXISTING WETLANDS OF THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER ALLUVIAL VALLEY

During the previous century, the wetland area in the lower Missouri River alluvial valley was reduced by 39% because of river channelization and bank stabilization projects. The Great Flood of 1993 reversed the trend of wetland loss by creating 466 new wetlands in the alluvial valley between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri. We estimated amphibian occupancy, detection probability and number of species exhibiting evidence of reproduction in eight flood‐created and 16 pre‐flood existing wetlands from 1996 through 1998. We also evaluated whether hydroperiod (the number of days any water was present in a wetland from 20 February through 31 August) and distance to river predicted those values. Detection probabilities for adult amphibian species were relatively constant across years and ranged from 0.013 [Great Plains toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)] to 0.280 [Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii woodhousii)]. Occupancy of adult amphibians differed across years and was not correlated with habitat features. Estimated occupancy probabilities for amphibian species ranged from 0.126 [Plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons)] to 0.896 [boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata)]. Almost double the number of amphibian species showed evidence of reproduction in existing wetlands (wetlands created before the Great Flood of 1993) when compared with that in flood‐created wetlands. Similarly, temporary wetlands had nearly double the number of amphibian species showing evidence of reproduction when compared with permanent wetlands. Finally, the highest number of species showed evidence of reproduction in wetlands with spring–summer hydroperiods between 135 and 140 days. All these relationships suggest that the invasion and persistence of predators in wetlands negatively influence amphibian reproduction. If the Missouri River is allowed to reconnect with the alluvial valley, more predators may be introduced into wetlands, leading to reduced amphibian occupancy and reproduction. However, this connection will not likely occur over the entire alluvial valley and, therefore, should not adversely impact amphibians that find refuge in higher‐elevation, non‐connected regions of the alluvial valley. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陆屋站“03·06”、“11·10”洪水对比分析

2003年6月和2011年10月钦江陆屋上游发生了改革开放以来两场最大暴雨并产生的洪水,本文通过对“03·06”、“11·10”这两场暴雨洪水进行对比,分析它们的天气系统和洪水特性、演变规律及变化特点,并寻找其规律,并对陆屋站所在的沿海钦江流域的防洪减灾对策进行探讨。对有效地监测暴雨洪水、正确地指挥防汛、提高对该地区暴雨洪水规律和形成机制的认识及防洪减灾具有一定的参考价值。     

吉安市“2010·6”暴雨洪水分析

2010年6月,吉安市发生了大范围的持续暴雨洪水过程,由于本次暴雨洪水的特殊性,曾引发了一系列的洪涝灾害甚至溃堤.本文分析了该次暴雨洪水特性及重现期,有利于掌握该地区暴雨洪水的特点,为防汛减灾提供依据.     

陕西电网建设抽水蓄能电站的初步探讨

抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中具有调峰填谷、调频、事故备用和黑启动等多种功能,成为现代电力系统中有效的调节工具。文章结合陕西电网规划期调峰能力研究成果,对陕西电网建设抽水蓄能电站进行了初步探讨。     

三相异步电动机断相保护器

详述了断相保护器的电路结构与工作原理。当电容C2上的电压上升到BT33C的峰点电压时,小灵敏继电器KA通电,切断电动机的电源,从而避免了三相异步电动机单相运行致使电流过大而被烧毁。为了使小灵敏继电器KA通电充分,能确保其常闭触点断开,及时切断电动机的电源,应使BT33C的电流不会很快降到谷点电流以下,电容C2上的电压能较长时间的大于BT33C的谷点电压。由于电容C2上的电压不能跃变,这样可避免电网三相电压瞬间不平衡造成断相器误动作。