改进的主成分分析法在白洋淀水质评价中的应用

针对数据标准化信息丢失以及主成分中各系数相近造成的涵义不明确,对主成分分析法进行了改进,很好地实现了降维的效果.将其应用于河北省白洋淀水质综合分析,结果表明:在各观测断面中普遍存在富营养化现象,氨氮、总磷是水质的主要污染指标.通过对各断面的水质进行综合评比,得出各站点的污染程度排序,为白洋淀区域治理提供理论指导.     

衡水市历史文化资源的旅游转换与开发

衡水历史文化资源丰富,特色鲜明。从城市建设发展的角度看,推动历史文化资源向旅游景观转换,使城市化建设与历史文化资源浑然一体,交相辉映,是当前发展衡水市旅游事业以及城市建设的一个重要课题。文章认为,衡水历史文化资源的旅游转换与开发应从历史文化名人资源的旅游转换与开发、红色历史文化资源的转换与开发、工艺品类历史文化资源的转换与开发、文物古迹的旅游转换与开发等方面着手。     

干旱区草型湖泊湿地价值量化评估

以典型干旱区草型湖泊乌梁素海湿地为研究区,在实地调查和试验的基础上,依据资源经济学和生态经济学的理论和方法,针对乌梁素海湿地资源的特点,对乌梁素海湿地的价值进行了货币化评估.评估结果表明,乌梁素海湿地的总价值为28.24亿元,其中直接实物产品价值为7 164.70万元,直接非实物服务价值为18 193.43万元,间接价值为81 960.58万元,目前非使用类价值为17.51亿元.只有合理开发乌梁素海湿地资源,保护好这一对区域环境具有重要意义的干旱区湿地生态系统,才能实现乌梁素海湿地资源的可持续利用,保证湖区经济的可持续发展.     

骆马湖水环境变化趋势及对策研究

随着经济发展、城市化率的提高，加之滨湖开发，骆马湖的水质呈现一定的恶化趋势，生态系统遭受破坏，水体富营养化发展有越来越严重的趋势。通过对骆马湖营养化程度和污染原因的分析，提出了一些对策措施和解决办法，以期实现湖泊的生态、环境与经济的协调发展。     

长江三峡工程对鄱阳湖生态环境的影响研究

三峡水利枢纽是一项规模宏大的系统工程,它的调度运行对整个长江流域的生态环境都将带来一系列复杂的影响。本文通过分析三峡工程的调度运行方式,研究其对鄱阳湖流域的防洪、冲淤、候鸟保护区、草洲、鱼类资源、血吸虫、水环境质量等方面所可能造成的影响。     

Lake-Level Change and Water Balance Analysis at Lake Qinghai,West China during Recent Decades

Lake Qinghai, the largest saline lake with an area of 4,260 km² (2000) and average depth of 21 m (1985) in West China, has experienced severe decline in water level in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate water balance of the lake and identify the causes for the decline in lake level. There was a 3.35-m decline in water level with an average decreasing rate of 8.0 cm year⁻¹ between 1959 and 2000. The lake water balance showed that mean annual precipitation between 1959 and 2000 over the lake was 357 ± 10 mm, evaporation was 924 ± 10 mm, surface runoff water inflow was 348 ± 21 mm, groundwater inflow was 138 mm ± 9 and the change in lake level was −80 ± 31 mm. The variation of lake level was highly positively correlated to surface runoff and precipitation and negatively to evaporation, the correlation coefficients were 0.89, 0.81 and −0.66, respectively. Water consumption by human activities accounts for 1% of the evaporation loss of the lake, implying that water consumption by human activities has little effect on lake level decline. Most dramatic decline in lake level occurred in the warm and dry years, and moderate decline in the cold and dry years, and relatively slight decline in the warm and wet years, therefore, the trend of cold/warm and dry climate in recent decades may be the main reasons for the decline in lake level.     

一九九九·太湖“零点达标行动”效果分析

公布对太湖流域 1999年污染源监测结果。从一九九九·太湖“零点达标行动”后的监测状况表明 ,太湖流域水质没有明显好转 ,污染指数却有所增加。指出改善和保护太湖流域水环境的任务重大而紧迫。     

Wetland use and impact on Lake Victoria, Kenya region

This article reports on a study of wetland use and impact on Lake Victoria conducted in March and April 1995. A field survey and interviews were used to study wetland use and their impact on Lake Victoria. This article identifies management issues and establishes a broad vision for the future. It also addresses the need to balance the competing demands for wetland use and development with the need to conserve a healthy and functional Lake Victoria. Investment proposals are made that would minimize destruction of the wetlands and negative impacts on the lake. General recommendations for planning and management issues, as well as suggestions of specific research needs that should form the basis of action and investment initiatives, are given.     

Record of mercury pollution in sediments of lakes Nakaumi and Shinji in Japan

Two sediment core profiles from lakes Shinji and Nakaumi were studied in order to understand the level of mercury (Hg) pollution in lakes in northwestern Japan. The sedimentation rates were established on the basis of the activity of [²¹⁰Pb] and [¹³¹Cs] in the sediments. In Lake Shinji, the highest level of Hg (130 ng g^–1) in the sediment was found at a depth of 20–22 cm, while 195 ng g^–1 was found at a depth of 10–12 cm in the core profiles from Lake Nakaumi. The relative increase in Hg concentration in lake sediments started after 1960 and significant contamination events occurred in the early 1960s. Mercury profiles in lake sediments from lakes Shinji and Nakaumi are found to reflect the anthropogenic Hg released into the environment in the 1950s and 1960s. A pronounced maximun concentration of Hg is found in both lakes, where sediment accumulation rates differ.     

Determining loss characteristics of arid zone river waterbodies

Understanding the retention time of water in waterbodies during periods of no surface flow in dryland rivers provides an important context for evaluating the ecological importance of a waterhole to the river system. Time series of water level data were collected from 10 waterbodies spread across three river systems of the Lake Eyre Basin (LBE), Australia. Observed loss rates in the absence of surface flow were compared to modelled evaporation rates in order to determine whether open water evaporation was the main loss process from isolated waterholes and to what extent there is evidence of interaction between the surface water and any shallow groundwater aquifers. The modelled evaporation rates were determined using the Penman combination equation and meteorological data from the closest climate station in the region of the waterbodies. The modelled evaporation data were able to explain only some of the variability in the observed loss data but did highlight periods where other processes (including observation error) need to be invoked. These other possible processes, which include temporary groundwater connection and the effect of heat storage on the evaporation losses, probably contribute as much to the observed data variability as error introduced by the use of regional meteorological data. Assuming evaporation is the dominant process determining water loss in the absence of flow, the persistence of a waterhole is primarily dependent upon its depth when flow ceases. The annual loss shown by most waterbodies lies within the range of the modelled evaporation rate using the Penman combination equation and equates between 1.5 and 2.5 m per annum. The use of water level data in conjunction with the modelled evaporation rates was able to provide important insights into controls on waterbody loss rates and persistence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.