巢湖旅游项目的环境设计

安徽巢湖地区旅游资源丰富，湖泊旅游优势突出．“水文化”特色显著。因此．该地区旅游业的发展应以旅游项目的合理开发来带动，要特别注意保护环境，进行旅游项目的环境设计．避免当前旅游业发展中出现的低水平盲目建设和以破坏环境为代价的项目开发．以促进巢湖旅游的可持续发展。     

打造湖泊休闲品牌,促进千岛湖旅游可持续发展

湖泊是发展旅游的重要资源,湖泊旅游是旅游业的重要组成部分①。近年来,千岛湖旅游实现了观光游与休闲游的有机结合,重点培育休闲度假游,提升景区的品位。根据淳安县政府提出的打造“休闲度假胜地”、“世界湖泊休闲品牌”的重大决策,结合世界湖泊旅游的未来发展趋势开展调研,提出了世界湖泊休闲品牌打造对促进千岛湖旅游可持续发展有着重大的现实意义。     

洞庭湖垦区农民迁往藏南地区的思考

通过比较洞庭湖区与藏南地区,发现两地自然环境有很大的相似性。如果能将洞庭湖垦区农民有组织、有计划地迁到藏南地区,不仅能保证藏南地区的安全与稳定,而且能真正贯彻“退耕还湖”战略,重现洞庭湖的秀美风光。     

新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝的混凝性能

作者对新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)制备的工艺条件进行了研究，制备出性能稳定，效果良好的产品。用该产品对不同水质进行混凝试验，结果表明PASS有良好的混凝效果和广泛的适用范围。     

Water quality prediction capabilities of WASP model for a tropical lake system

Water quality modelling facilitates our better understanding of the processes taking place in a lake system, and conservation plans to address them. The water quality analysis simulation programme (WASP) was used in this study to predict daily variations in water quality parameters, namely dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll‐a and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations in a tropical lake system. The lake was divided into eight segments with the respective morphological, environmental and flow details being model inputs. The monthly concentration of each water quality parameter also comprised model input. The model output was daily spatiotemporal variation in these parameters over a period of 476 days. This study also indicated that the occurrence of precipitation plays a major role in defining the water quality of a tropical lake. The heavy precipitation after a long gap, especially during the summer season, results in a large quantity of organic matter entering the lake through drains, thereby increasing the organic matter and phosphate in the water body, and subsequently resulting in high chlorophyll‐a concentrations in the lake. A reduced chlorophyll‐a concentration was observed during the heavy rains. The water quality fluctuations are more pronounced with precipitation, especially where polluted drains enter the lake. An improved water quality can be observed downstream, including increased dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Improved water quality was observed during the postmonsoon period, with increased salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations, a finding that confirms generalized and specific conclusions can be achieved with the use of the WASP model.     

Determination of the status of stakeholder participation in the management of the Lake Malawi basin through application of Integrated Lake Basin Management

Lake Malawi is the southernmost of the Great Rift Valley Lakes of Africa and boasts the world's greatest freshwater fish biodiversity. Along with its basin, the lake provides many benefits to the country of Malawi. Settlements, agriculture and fishing are some of the major uses of the lake basin, making community involvement a necessary component of its management. With the use of key informant interviews, questionnaire survey, document review and site observations, this study demonstrates the applicability of the Integrated Lake Basin Management framework in the Lake Malawi Basin in regard to stakeholder participation. The main objective was to assess the participation of stakeholders, especially local communities, in the management of the lake basin. The framework applied in this study is discussed. The study findings indicate strong to very strong stakeholder participation, with notably high levels of awareness and women's involvement. Enhancing the understanding of the complex nature of lake basin issues, especially those related to the linkages between the water body and the basin, is a topic requiring further attention.     

基于总入流概念的鄱阳湖设计洪水计算

由于受到江河湖槽自然演变和人类活动的影响,鄱阳湖出湖控制站实测资料无法满足一致性和可靠性要求,再加上湖区水情复杂、观测资料匮乏,导致设计洪水计算面临较大困难。基于入库洪水理论,引入了总入流的计算方法,对于湖区各支流控制站和无控区间来水的流量过程,只考虑传播时间的叠加,避免了对各种自然、人为因素影响的定量计算,计算结果真实反映了洪水量级与时程分配过程,满足设计洪水计算规范要求。计算成果可为鄱阳湖区综合规划、水利枢纽设计提供依据。     

洞庭湖区土地覆被对长江水位变化的响应分析

为了研究长江水位的变化对洞庭湖区土地覆被的影响,基于洞庭湖区近26 a土地覆被遥感影像的解译成果,分别构建了东洞庭湖区和西+南洞庭湖区水域、泥滩、草洲、芦苇地、裸地和防护林面积与对应时段城陵矶水位之间的回归方程。分析结果显示：东洞庭湖区水域、泥滩、草洲面积和西+南洞庭湖区水域面积与城陵矶水位之间具有极显著的相关关系,而芦苇地、裸地和防护林等面积与城陵矶水位之间的关系并不显著;城陵矶水位变化对东洞庭湖区土地覆被的影响明显高于对西+南洞庭湖区土地覆被的影响。此外,依据所构建回归方程,预测长江上游大型梯级电站运行将导致洞庭湖区呈现泥滩和草洲挤占水域的态势。     

鄱阳湖近60年天然入出湖径流特征分析

依据鄱阳湖流域“五河”7个入湖控制水文站及出湖湖口站观测资料,对其中人类活动影响较大的李家渡、柘林站进行径流还原,得到7个入湖站和出湖站1953～2011 年天然径流序列。综合采用多种方法对各站径流序列进行了分析。结果表明：李家渡站年径流量比以往研究结果增加25%左右,且枯水期增加更明显,与上游站点天然径流演变规律更具有一致性;“五河”各站天然径流量的年际变化和年内分配总体上具有相似性;入、出湖各站径流年内分配极不均匀;1953～2000年,入、出湖各站径流均呈现小幅度上升趋势,但21世纪以来各站径流量处于下降趋势;各站年径流序列存在33~35 a的变化主周期,与流域年降水量变化主周期基本一致。研究结果可为鄱阳湖流域水资源的合理开发和科学管理提供参考依据。     

碟形湖在鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的作用和意义

"碟形湖"是指鄱阳湖湖盆区内枯水季节显露于洲滩之中的季节性子湖泊,具有特殊的地貌特征和水文特性、复杂多变的湿地景观和丰富的生物多样性等特征.在碟形湖及其周边,湿生与水生植物群落有序分布、季节性演替;静水水域有利于底栖动物和鱼类生长育肥;缓慢下降的水位、逐渐伸展的泥滩为越冬候鸟持续提供丰富的食物和歇息环境,全湖80%以上的水鸟在碟形湖区域越冬.高低不一、分布广泛的碟形湖群有效地缓解了干旱、洪水灾害对鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的冲击,对于维护全球生态系统的完整性和生物多样性具有重要作用.最后提出了加强碟形湖保护和管理的对策.