膜下滴灌在日光温室黄瓜 种植中的应用

本文介绍了膜下滴灌在山西省平遥县现代农业温室黄瓜种植中的应用,从节水、节能、增产、省工、省地、省肥等方面分析了应用效果。而且针对其操作方法不规范、与换茬后栽培模式不匹配,滴头堵塞、运行维护滞后的问题,从技术服务、栽培模式、预防滴头堵塞、运行管护及发展前景方面提出了相关对策建议。     

关于滴灌均匀度问题的探讨

本文给出了滴灌均匀度的概念,滴灌均匀度直接影响着灌溉资源的充分利用和农作物的产量;文章提出了滴灌均匀度的影响因素以及提高滴灌均匀度的方法。     

社会管理格局中的“幸福联盟”——基于对苏州市沧浪区“邻里情”幸福联盟的调查

苏州市沧浪区幸福联盟是社区管理体制改革在社会主义市场经济和民主政治发展的新条件下的一项重要创新。这一创新既满足了政府对政治稳定的客观要求,又满足了居民安居乐业的需要。本文对目前沧浪区“幸福联盟”运转现状和问题的相关资料进行了初步的整理、思考与研究,并提出了进一步改进“幸福联盟”工作的意见和建议。     

Ecological perspectives on regulation and water allocation for the Ord River,Western Australia

Water management agencies throughout Australia are attempting to find a balance between the water requirements of ecological and socio‐economic environments as part of a holistic approach to managing flow‐dependent river ecosystems. Environmental water provisions are under consideration for the Ord River in far northern Western Australia. This river has been regulated for irrigation and there are plans for substantial expansion. Like other semi‐arid and tropical rivers, however, the hydrology of the Ord River is highly variable and unpredictable, and therefore, proportionate water release strategies for the environment that are based on average monthly flows are unsuitable. Regulation continues to produce pronounced ecological changes throughout the river system as the impacts of flow regime are negated. There is a dichotomy in optimal flow regimes for the contrasting management aspirations of ecological restoration based on low seasonal flows, and the dilution flows required for the drainage of agricultural effluent. Whilst current agricultural land and water management practices continue, the two cannot coincide, and consequently, a decision should be made regarding which environmental water allocation holds the primary value. Such a decision would guide the appropriate dry season flow regime on the lower Ord River. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄河下游引黄灌区农民用水户终端水价分析

针对黄河下游引黄灌区水费征收中存在的问题,根据下游引黄灌区现行水价标准及现状执行水价与灌溉信息等,采用一定的方法对农民用水户终端水价进行核算,分析了农民用水户终端水价与现行水价标准的差异。     

Equity in bulk water allocation: the case of the Mahaweli Ganga Development Project in Sri Lanka

This article evaluates the equity performance of bulk water allocation as an irrigation management strategy in the Mahaweli Ganga Development Project, Sri Lanka. Through semi-structured interviews with farmers and irrigation officials, the study collected local perceptions using seven indicators: water rights; decision-making process; contribution of resources for irrigation maintenance; water allocation rules; actual water distribution; information sharing; and conflict resolution. The results highlight gaps in the institution such as the need to enhance the water rights of landless farmers, further encourage crop diversification, increase transparency in decision making, instil a risk-management approach, and strengthen accountability.     

沿海缺水灌区水资源优化调配耦合模型

本文研究了一种基于含水层海水入侵模拟模型(子模型)和作物优化配水模型(子模型)的沿海缺水灌区水资源优化调配耦合模型,用数值方法求解了含水层海水入侵模拟子模型,并首次将基于分解协调的人工鱼群算法应用于作物优化配水的计算,通过地下水抽水量实现了子模型的耦合,利用Visual Basic6.0软件编制了耦合模型的计算程序。将模型应用于威海市节水灌溉示范区,得出其平水年(50％)、一般干旱年(75％)两种水文年型的水资源联合调配方案。结果表明基于分解协调的人工鱼群算法收敛性好,提高了计算速率,较好的解决了作物优化配水大系统中常见的变量维数高、约束方程多等问题;示范区平水年增加有效供水量997.05m3／hm2,一般干旱年增加有效供水量863.1m3／hm2,能高效利用水资源并能有效控制含水层海水入侵,经济效益和生态效益明显。     

农用机井计算机监测控制系统的实践

利用计算机、通信及自动化控制技术实现农用机井的自动监测,是目前水利信息化发展的核心内容,也是实现水资源合理利用的重要技术手段。本研究机井的计算机监控系统基于Windows操作系统及组态软件与商用数据库的结合,实现了重要参数的实时显示、历史数据的存储、远程通信及水泵优化调节控制运行等重要功能,达到了水源井自动监测控制的目的。系统的实际应用解决了人工调度管理和具体现场操作存在的多种弊端,对合理开发利用地下水、实现泵站的优化运行具有积极意义。     

GIS支持下的江西省农田节水灌溉系统研究

以GIS技术支持下的江西省农田节水灌溉系统为研究对象,阐述了系统研究的主要内容、方法和技术框架,并对GIS技术在节水灌溉中应用的特点及优势进行了分析。     

对灌溉管路系统经济管径计算方法的探讨

经过多年对农田（果树）灌溉压力管路系统工程设计的实践,对以往沿用的计算烦琐且计算精度较低塑料压力管路经济管径的确定方法进行了改进和简化,并在管道灌溉工程实践中进行了验证和推广使用。实践证明,这种灌溉管路系统经济管径计算方法,比以往沿用的计算方法,计算精度较高,简单易行,且实用性强,易于掌握。