Influence of influent tributaries on water quality changes in Lake Mogan, Turkey

Lake Mogan, located in the steppes of central Anatolia, is a vital Turkish ecological system, in terms of its water resources, flora and fauna. The lake also is a unique recreational area for Ankara, the capital of Turkey. However, the lake is currently threatened by severe pollution, being under the risk of serious degradation because of (i) uncontrolled urbanization; (ii) point and non‐point source pollution; (iii) inefficient sewerage systems; (iv) sediment transportation and pollution via influent creeks to the lake; (v) uncontrolled soil erosion in its drainage basin; (vi) inappropriate flood control measures; and (vii) severe degradation of the natural wetlands within its drainage basin. This study evaluates the influence of its influent creeks on the water quality of Lake Mogan, mainly because the creeks are believed to be responsible for the major pollutant load reaching the lake, and because the extensive database documenting this situation has not previously been critically evaluated. Accordingly, this study reviews (i) change in the water quality of Lake Mogan between 1993 and 2002; (ii) the water quality classification of the major influent creeks feeding Lake Mogan; and (iii) the influence of the influent creeks on the water quality of the lake between 1993 and 2004.     

African lake management initiatives: The global connection

There is a global dimension to lake management in Africa and elsewhere that will require a concerted action not only from individual riparian states, but also from regional, continental and global communities. The current global lake threats arise from climate change, regional land degradation and semivolatile contaminants, and share the common feature that the atmosphere is the vector that spreads their impacts over large areas and to many lakes. The Great Lakes of Africa (Malawi, Victoria and Tanganyika) are particularly sensitive to these problems because of their enormous surface areas, slow water flushing rates, and the importance of direct rainfall in their water budgets. Their response times might be slow to yield a detectable change and, unfortunately, their recovery times might also be slow. It is possible for atmospheric effects to act antagonistically to the impacts of catchment change, but antagonistic effects could become synergistic in the future. Improved understanding of the physical dynamics of these lakes, and development of models linking their physical and biogeochemical behaviour to regional, mesoscale climate models, will be necessary to guide lake managers.     

鄱阳湖枯水期水体主要污染物时空分布差异（性）研究

系统分析了鄱阳湖2015年度枯水期主湖体、五河入口、湖口过江水道、赣江下游主河道和南昌市周边湿地表层水体中总氮、总磷、汞、铜、锌、铅、镉等几种污染物的含量,结果表明:①2015年度鄱阳湖枯水期水体中总氮、总磷和铜的平均浓度分别为3.145 mg/L、0.121 mg/L和0.089 mg/L,总体偏高;②汞、铅、锌、镉的平均浓度为5.932×10-4 mg/L、0.408mg/L、0.0645 mg/L和4.516×10-2 mg/L;③总氮、总磷和铜在空间分布上存在差异性,表现为饶河河口、吴城望湖亭和湖口等区域的污染情况较为严重,南矶山碟形湖的污染程度最轻.     

白洋淀非点源污染的生态工程技术控制研究

白洋淀是华北地区最大的淡水湖泊，由于它具有丰富的物产和多种生态服务，被誉为“华北明珠”和“华北之肾”。从2003年水质监测结果来看，白洋淀的大部分水域水质为劣Ⅴ类，主要污染物为TP、TN和NH3-N。通过对污染源的实地调查，发现农业非点源污染是造成白洋淀污染的主要原因。由此看来，除继续加强主要工业污染源控制外，如何实施区域环境对非点源污染物的净化能力，是控制淀区污染的主要途径。在分析调查和模拟实验的基础上，提出了包括生态施肥技术、水土保持技术、污水和固体废弃物处理技术、生态缓冲带和湿地生态系统等源头和径流控制措施来控制白洋淀的非点源污染。     

三峡水库蓄水运用初期长江中下游河道冲淤响应

根据来自长江水利委员会的2003年三峡水库蓄水前后出(入)库水沙变化的逐日数据(2003.5.25-6.12)以及长江中下游2003年和多年平均的干支流测站数据,本文对三峡水库蓄水初期长江中下游河道冲淤响应进行了初步研究。三峡水库蓄水后,拦沙作用十分明显,仅2003年6-12月份,水库淤积泥沙即达1.24亿t。由于泥沙被水库拦截,其下游各站输沙量均降低,河道沿程普遍发生冲刷(除监利至螺山段外)。各江段冲淤响应表现不一,从宜昌至监利冲刷量逐渐减小,监利至螺山段淤积,而从螺山到大通冲刷量逐渐增大。宜昌站至大通站间长江河道2003年总冲刷量为0.798亿t,比预测值小。三峡水库蓄水运用后长江河道冲淤形势发生的变化将对长江中下游环境带来一定的影响,加强及时的监测与研究十分必要。     

过去100年来洪泽湖洪涝灾害特性分析

分析了过去100年来洪泽湖洪涝灾害的8个特性，即：灾害类型的多元性；洪涝发生时间上的历史延续性与阶段性；成灾空间区域趋于萎缩与集中；大洪涝频度的增加趋势；洪涝发生与流域降水的正相关性；洪涝与梅雨异常的同步性；水位和最大洪峰流量的差异性；洪涝灾情表现的复杂性。     

洞庭湖洪道整治疏挖流量的选择

洞庭湖洪道分汊很多，水文控制站少，整治疏挖无水文控制站的洪道，无法计算造床流量，也无法确定疏挖流量。鉴于洞庭湖区泥沙 80％来自长江洪水，选择造床作用较强的长江典型年洪水传播至整治河段的流量，作为该河段的疏挖流量，通过对澧水洪道的分析，该方法是可行的。     

大型深水湖泊可持续发展制约因子识别与发展对策研究——以千岛湖流域为例

千岛湖是较为典型的大型深水湖泊，近年来其发展受到自然和人为等因素的影响。通过研究千岛湖可持续发展的制约因子，提出适合千岛湖水域环境保护的思路，并制定湖泊水环境保护的方向性和战略性目标。结果表明，千岛湖作为集多种功能于一体的较深大型淡水湖泊，探索出的一条环境保护与经济发展的行之有效的途径，可为国内其它湖泊提供发展的借鉴。     

昆明湖水质变化分析及污染控制对策

颐和园昆明湖是北京重要的水利设施、生物多样性保护基地和旅游娱乐基地,具有重要而又独特的环境及美学功能。但近几年来,昆明湖水质开始恶化,主要体现在其富营养化程度的逐步加大。对昆明湖的水质变化及其原因进行了分析,并提出了其水质改善和保护对策:改善补水水源水质和进行湖泊生态恢复工程。     

改进的主成分分析法在白洋淀水质评价中的应用

针对数据标准化信息丢失以及主成分中各系数相近造成的涵义不明确,对主成分分析法进行了改进,很好地实现了降维的效果.将其应用于河北省白洋淀水质综合分析,结果表明:在各观测断面中普遍存在富营养化现象,氨氮、总磷是水质的主要污染指标.通过对各断面的水质进行综合评比,得出各站点的污染程度排序,为白洋淀区域治理提供理论指导.