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81.
建立水利工程管理运行新机制的思考 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
水利工程管理体制改革,是党中央、国务院根据我国经济和社会可持续发展需要,针对我国水利工作存在的突出问题做出的一项重大决策,通过改革,初步建立了职能清晰、权责明确、管理科学、经营规范、管养分离的新的水利工程管理体制。从根本上改变了过去长期形成的水利工程管理体制不顺、机制不活、经费不足、工程失修、安全不保的局面。 相似文献
82.
当前水价改革中迫切需要注意的问题 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
加强水价改革,提高水价,促进节约用水,已经成为全社会关注的焦点。在节约用水和水资源优化配置条件下如何确定水价,水价构成及供水企业的合理成本与利润,以及资源水价的分配和用途是当前水价改革中亟须研究探讨和重视的问题。商品水价应该包括三个部分:一是资源水价,二是工程水价,三是环境水价。只有包括资源因素的水价,才能真正发挥水价在水资源的优化配置和合理利用方面的调节作用。 相似文献
83.
文章详细介绍了计算机多媒体技术的特点和该技术在水利工程中记录施工、图纸资料保存、声像文字资料保存、大型工程管理等工作中的应用,阐述了制作多媒体软件的方法和应注意的问题. 相似文献
84.
Jennifer G. Winter M. Catherine Eimers Peter J. Dillon Lem D. Scott Wolfgang A. Scheider Campbell C. Willox 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2007,33(2):381-396
Total phosphorus (TP) inputs to Lake Simcoe have led to hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and loss of cold water fish habitat. Since 1990, efforts have been made to reduce the total TP input to the lake below a defined target of 75 t/year, which was predicted to lead to reductions in spring TP concentration and improvements in end-of-summer hypolimnetic DO concentrations. The total TP load to the lake during the most recent period of record (1998/99-2003/04) ranged from 53 to 76 t/yr and averaged 67 t/yr, compared to an average of 114 t/yr estimated between 1990/91 and 1997/98 (range 85-157 t/yr). Reductions in TP loads from the catchment via tributary discharge (∼26 t) accounted for the majority of the decrease in total load between the two time periods. Total P concentrations decreased significantly in four out of six long-term monitored tributaries; however, concentrations in all six tributaries remain above the level recommended to avoid nuisance plant growth (30 μg/L). Although TP loads to the lake are currently below the target 75 t/yr, excessive growths of filamentous algae and macrophytes continue to be a problem in the nearshore zone. End-of-summer minimum hypolimnetic DO concentrations (average 4.3 mg/L, 1998/99-2003/04) remain substantially below the level (7 mg/L) that is considered protective of lake trout. Efforts to reduce TP loads to the lake therefore need to continue. 相似文献
85.
86.
与常规的以经验为主的运行方式相比,考虑了水动力学影响、以多渠池串联的整个渠道系统为研究对象的渠道运行控制在增加调水工程的安全性、降低运行成本、提高输水效率等方面能取得更佳的效果。国外关于调水工程渠道控制的研究起步较早,基于非线性偏微分圣维南方程组发展了多种离散化、线性化等简化方法,建立了相应的控制模型,并从不同角度确定了其控制方法以及控制算法。参考已有的研究思路和方法,总结国外渠道运行控制的成果,对我国南水北调工程的运行控制有着重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
87.
Shift in thinking to address the 21st century hunger gap 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Malin Falkenmark 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(1):3-18
The present water policy debate is dominated by the 30 yr old mission to secure water supply and sanitation to all people.
The water needed to produce a nutritionally acceptable diet for one person is however 70 times as large as the amount needed
for domestic water supply. The food security dilemma is largest in arid climate regions, a situation constituting a formidable
challenge. It is suggested that an additional 5 600 km3/yr of consumptive water use will be needed to produce an adequate amount of food by 2050 – i.e almost a doubling of today’s
consumptive use of 6800 km3/yr. Past misinterpretations and conceptual deficiencies show the importance of a shift in thinking. Combining the scale of
the challenge and the time scale of the efforts to feed humanity and eradicate hunger leads to an impression of great urgency.
This urgency strengthens the call for international research both for supporting agricultural upgrading, and for much better
handling of issues of environmental sustainability. What stands out is the need of a new generation of water professionals,
able to handle complexity and able to incorporate water implications of land use and of ecosystem health in integrated water
resources management. It will for those reasons be essential and urgent to upgrade the educational system to producing this
new generation. 相似文献
88.
89.
Influences of land use/cover on water quality in the upper and middle reaches of River Njoro, Kenya 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William A. Shivoga Mucai Muchiri Samuel Kibichi Jethro Odanga Scott N. Miller Tracy J. Baldyga Eric M. Enanga Maina C. Gichaba 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2007,12(2):97-105
Data from 10 sampling sites along the River Njoro are used to examine the contribution of nutrients from upstream land uses draining each of the sampling sites. The data also are used to assess whether both the proportion of land uses and the size of the subwatersheds account for the variability in water quality in the River Njoro watershed. Geographical Information System analysis was used to determine the spatial distribution of land‐cover types and subwatersheds contributing run‐off to the sampling sites in the River Njoro. Standard Digital Elevation Model‐based routines were used to establish the watershed area contributing run‐off to each sampling site. Water and sediment samples were collected for chemical analysis, and the nutrient levels were related to the upstream land‐use types and the size of the subwatersheds. The mid‐stream portion of the River Njoro (near Egerton University) accounts for the highest nutrient contributions. The percentage contribution is magnified by additions from industrial, human settlements and agricultural land uses around the University. There is a significant decrease in nutrient levels downstream, however, indicating natural purification as the river flows through an area of large‐scale farming with intense, well‐preserved riparian and in‐stream vegetation. Steep slopes of the land upstream of Egerton University enhance erosion and nutrient losses from those subwatersheds. Mixed small‐scale agricultural and bare lands contribute over 55% of the phosphorus load to the upper and mid‐reaches of the River Njoro. The size of the subwatershed accounts for about 53% of the variability in the soluble phosphorus in the river. The land‐use subwatershed proportions are important for characterizing and modelling water quality in the River Njoro watershed. Upland land uses are as important as near‐stream land uses. We suggest that conservation of intact riparian corridor along the river and its tributaries contributes significantly to natural purification processes and recovery of the ecological integrity of the River Njoro ecosystem. 相似文献
90.
Yu. V. Balaban-Irmenin N. G. Fokina 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2007,41(5):306-312
The effect of internal-corrosion inhibitors on heating-system pipelines is investigated. Tests were conducted on a testing
device for polarization measurements under conditions corresponding to the Rostov Heat-Supply System. The concentration of
OEDP-zinc, which provides a high degree of protection from general corrosion, is determined. The reagent has been successfully
incorporated into the Rostov No. 2 TPP.
__________
Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 7, July 2007, pp. 37–43. 相似文献