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61.
62.
浅议建设单位对大型工程的全过程造价控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建设单位作为工程建设的组织者和协调者,通过对工程质量、安全、进度、投资等各方面进行管理和控制,可以实现项目的成功建设。文章详细论述建设单位对大型工程实行全过程造价控制的管理模式,以实现降低工程造价、合理利用资源的目的。 相似文献
63.
Monitoring the mean and the variance of a stationary process 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We deal with the problem of how deviations in the mean or the variance of a time series can be detected. Several simultaneous control charts are introduced which are based on EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) statistics for the mean and the empirical variance. The combined X − S2 EWMA chart is extended to time series. Further simultaneous charts are considered. The comparision of these schemes shows that the residual attempt must be favored if a variance change is present. 相似文献
64.
Douglas G. Pearce 《Annals of Tourism Research》1980,7(1):69-82
Research on tourism and regional development should include a temporal perspective, for studies of contemporary and economic impact are, by themselves, insufficient to explain tourism's contribution to regional development. Such a genetic approach is used to examine the growth and impact of tourism in Queenstown, New Zealand. Events and interrelationships are examined over the last twenty-five years to show the process of growth, changes in the patterns of local and outside involvement and the increasing sophistication of a resort once based largely on scenic factors alone. Certain sectors of the industry have been developed primarily by individuals and companies from the local region, while others have been dominated by outsiders. Although the former contribute the most to regional development through local participation in the development process, external developments have also generated complementary growth. A consideration of events over a certain time span allows these different factors to be placed more clearly in the context of regional development. 相似文献
65.
In this paper we investigate how restaurant managements’ attitudes and behaviors influence decisions to purchase local foods as inputs to their products. An enhanced investigation of chefs’ and managers’ decision-making criteria could improve understanding of local food systems linkages with the restaurant industry. We apply a value chain framework to investigate activities that influence restaurants’ decision to purchase local foods. Results indicate that attitudes and behaviors associated with sourcing and product characteristics play an important role in local food purchase decisions in the restaurant value chain. Order processing time and uniqueness of products are the most significant reasons in restaurant managements’ decisions to purchase local foods. The implications of these findings for restaurants and producers are discussed. Our study contributes to the literature by expanding upon the criteria used by restaurants to make local food purchasing decisions. 相似文献
66.
中国旅行社业发展现状与发展对策研究 总被引:47,自引:2,他引:47
《中国旅行社业发展现状与发展对策研究》课题组 《旅游学刊》2002,17(1):9-16
在对中国旅行社20年来产业化、市场化、企业化和法制化进程做了系统梳理和综述的基础上,课题组重点研究了我国旅行社的产业现状和即将来临的机遇与挑战。最后,分别从产业政策、分工体系、企业制度、行业管理、经营策略、借鉴国外经验等6个方面对面向21世纪的中国旅行社业提出了具体的发展对策。 相似文献
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68.
The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of organizational politics in educational institutions with regard to graduate students’ satisfaction with supervision and loyalty toward advisors, and thereby success of students in the Ph.D. program, within the hospitality and tourism discipline. The findings demonstrate that satisfaction and loyalty play important roles in doctoral students’ experiences in graduate education. Several implications for students and faculty are discussed. 相似文献
69.
本文根据高酸值原油腐蚀机理,分析了加工高酸值原油对常减压(高酸值原油脱酸装置)装置的腐蚀特点和重点腐蚀部位,并在此基础上提出了具体的防护措施:电脱盐、塔顶三注、高温缓蚀剂、腐蚀监测等,并重点介绍了本公司50万吨/年常减压装置的具体防腐措施,实践证明这些措施取得了较好的防腐效果,最后根据实践提出了可行的改进建议。 相似文献
70.
Masaaki Kijima Katsumasa NishideAtsuyuki Ohyama 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》2011,35(5):746-763
Previous studies have suggested that some pollutant levels first increases due to the economic growth and then start decreasing, the pattern being called the “environmental Kuznets curve” (EKC). We examine EKC-type transitions of pollutant levels not with respect to economic growth but more generally in time. Assuming that each policy maker optimally executes the two switching options of regulation and unregulation for pollution, the switching dynamics of environmental policy can be described by an alternating renewal process. It is shown that the double Laplace transform of transition density of a pollutant level can be obtained by a novel application of renewal theory. The expected level of overall pollutants is then calculated numerically and found to exhibit either a Λ‐shaped or an N-shaped pattern in time. Our results present a simple explanation for the EKC-type transitions of pollutant levels within a real options framework. 相似文献