技术进步对产业增长作用的测度——基于北京高技术产业的实证研究

在分析技术进步对产业增长作用的传统理论和方法的基础上,将技术进步导致的规模效应置于技术进步效应中,并把技术进步效应分解为技术进步的纯产出效应和规模效应。构建了修正的DEA-Malmquist指数模型,基于1998—2008年全国22个地区高技术产业五大行业的面板数据,对北京高技术产业进行了实证分析,得出了北京高技术产业及五大行业的技术进步效应值及其分解值,验证了本文提出的理论和方法的科学合理性。     

Efficiency and productivity of the food and beverage listed firms in the pre-recession and recessionary periods in Greece

This study uses data envelopment analysis to examine the liquidity and sales efficiency of the Food and Beverage listed firms in Athens Exchange in the period 2006–2012. The liquidity efficiency of the firms is higher than the sales efficiency but the results indicate that there are not statistical significant differences in the rankings estimated by the two models in each period. The Malmquist Productivity Index reveals that over the period of the study, firms have experienced an annual average increase in productivity of 0.5% (a slight progress). On examining the components of this productivity change, it becomes evident that firms have experienced an annual average of 2% increase in technology combined with a decrease in technical efficiency of –1.5%. The results indicate that 52.4% of the firms experienced productivity gains in the examined period, and this was mainly the result of technological gain rather than efficiency improvement. More than 90% of the firms in the sample shift the efficiency frontier and only 33.3% of the firms are catching up, improving their productivity by reducing inefficiency. Moreover, the empirical study reveals that the overall technical inefficiencies of the firms are primarily caused by pure technical inefficiencies rather than scale inefficiencies.     

企业持续创新能力评价指标体系的构建与模糊综合评价

动态复杂市场环境下,持续创新是任何企业持续发展的根本.笔者在企业持续创新能力理论评述和相关理论界定的基础上,构建出企业持续创新能力评价指标体系,并运用模糊综合评价法对企业持续创新能力进行评价与测度.这对企业识别持续创新的关键因素、挖掘瓶颈因素进而实现持续创新具有现实指导意义.     

Hedging Housing Risk in London

This paper investigates the benefits of allowing households to compensate the portfolio distortion due to their housing consumption through investments in housing price derivatives. Focusing on the London market, we show that a major loss from over-investment in housing is that households are forced to hold a very risky portfolio. However, the strong performance of the London housing market means that little is lost in terms of expected returns. Even households with limited wealth are better off owning their home rather than renting and investing in financial assets, as long as they are willing to face the financial risk involved. In this context, access to housing price derivatives would benefit most poor homeowners looking to limit their risk exposure. It would also benefit wealthier investors looking for the high returns provided by housing investments without the costs of direct ownership of properties. Comparisons with French, Swedish and U.S. data provide a broader perspective on our findings.     

布伦特原油价格与美元指数的交互相关性分析

以北海布伦特原油的现货价格和美元指数为研究对象,探讨它们之间的交互相关关系。首先运用交互相关统计量定性地说明布伦特原油价格和美元指数之间存在交互相关关系。然后利用多重分形分析法对它们之间的交互相关性作定量的分析,证实了它们之间的交互相关性具有多重分形特征。同时运用MF-DFA方法对单个研究对象进行自相关分析。     

黑龙江省农业现代化评价

客观评价现代农业发展水平,是制定区域现代农业发展政策与推进“三农”工作的重要前提。该 文基于现代农业特征构建农业现代化评价指标体系,并依此评价黑龙江省农业现代水平的时空特征,主要 结论如下:黑龙江省现代农业于2010年由起步阶段进入了初步实现阶段;全省农业现代化水平的区域差异 明显,以省会哈尔滨为最高值区,整体呈现出由西南向东北的递减趋势;不同地区在现代农业发展中具有 不同的限制因素和主要矛盾;今后,应进一步针对全省及各区域现代农业发展的“瓶颈”环节制定区域农 业发展政策,促进全省现代农业协调、快速和可持续发展。     

环境约束下的制造业生产率增长分析

本文引入Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数,对比分析环境约束和无约束情形下的2001-2008年中国制造业28个细分行业生产率增长状况。进一步的,本文分别将行业全要素生产率指数、技术进步指数及技术效率指数作为生产率增长指标,选取资本深化、行业规模、科技投入、环境污染和行业属性作为解释变量,利用面板数据回归模型分析环境约束下生产率增长影响因素。研究发现,忽略环境约束会低估制造业技术效率水平及其指数,但会高估技术进步指数和全要素生产率指数;分析结果表明影响因素对生产率增长均有显著影响。     

From real estate to consumption: the role of credit markets in the USA

The aim of this article is to test whether the credit market conditions affect the strength of transmission of real estate wealth effects on household consumption in the US economy. Although many different works have dealt with the analysis of the existence of a real estate wealth effect, most of them as a reaction to the dramatic increase of housing prices in several OECD countries, there are only few papers analysing whether the consumption response depends on the positive or negative sign of the wealth shock and, as far as we know, none of them takes the effects of credit market conditions on that asymmetric response into account. This article tries to fill the existing gap in the literature on this matter. From an econometric perspective, we estimate the asymmetries in the consumption response within the momentum threshold autoregressive model (M-TAR) proposed by Enders and Siklos (2001), but following Stevans (2004), it is applied to a multivariate framework. The main results show that the credit market conditions play a significant role in the transmission of changes in real estate wealth to consumption. In addition, we find that there exists an asymmetric behaviour in the US aggregate consumption spending responses to real estate wealth and credit market shocks, which is only significant when a negative shock takes place.     

建立商品期货持仓风险指数的设想

期货投资是一种风险度很高的金融投资方式,由于中国在很多大宗商品上尚未取得定价话语权,因此中国期货市场的价格波动受外盘的影响很大。对于持仓过夜的投资者而言,一旦持仓方向错误,就会遭受巨大的经济损失。有鉴于此,提出了建立适合中国国情的定量化商品期货持仓风险指数的设想,以帮助投资者认清各品种持仓过夜的市场风险,做到理性投资。     

Life Cycle Price Trends and Product Replacement: Implications for the Measurement of Inflation

The paper explores the extent to which products follow systematic pricing patterns over their life cycle and the impact this has on the measurement of inflation. Using a large U.S. scanner data set on supermarket products and applying flexible regression methods, we find that on average prices decline as items age. This life cycle price change is often attributed to quality difference in the construction of CPI as items are replaced due to disappearance or during sample rotations. This introduces a systematic bias in the measurement of inflation. For our data we find that the life cycle bias leads to the underestimation of inflation by around 0.30 percentage points each year for the products examined.