杨房沟水电站建设质量智慧管理系统的研发及应用

为提高工程管理效率、控制工程质量、减少人为因素对工程质量的影响,利用信息化、数字化、自动控制等技术对施工过程中的信息、混凝土温度、混凝土振捣、灌浆等环节进行智能监控和管理。为此,杨房沟水电站依托设计施工BIM管理系统的质量管理功能模块,以及由BIM系统集成的智能温控、智能振捣、智能灌浆、全过程影像采集系统,研发形成了大坝智能建造环境下的质量智慧管理系统。通过实现施工质量信息“实时采集-实时分析-决策反馈”的动态质量管理,解决了EPC建设模式以及传统大坝质量管理存在的施工质量控制、信息收集、分析、决策等方面的问题,提高了管理效率和管理质量,取得了较好的管理成效。     

Influence of a high‐head dam as a dispersal barrier to fish community structure of the Upper Mississippi River

In river systems, high‐head dams may increase the distance‐decay of fish community similarity by creating nearly impermeable dispersal barriers to certain species from upstream reaches. Substantial evidence suggests that migratory species are impacted by dams, and most previous studies in stream/river networks have focused on small streams and headwaters. Here, we assess whether a high‐head dam (Lock and Dam 19; LD 19) on a large river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), substantially alters fish community structure relative to variability expected to occur independent of the dam's effect as a fish dispersal barrier. Using fish catch per unit effort data, we modelled the distance‐decay function for the UMR fish community and then estimated the similarity that would be expected to occur across LD19 and compared it with measured similarity. Measured similarity in the fish community above and below LD19 was close to the expected value based on the distance‐decay function, suggesting LD19 does not create an abrupt transition in the fish community. Although some migratory fish species no longer occur above LD19 (e.g., skipjack herring, Alosa chrysochloris), these species do not occur in high abundance below the dam and so do not drive variation in fish community structure. Instead, much of the variation in species structure is driven by the loss/gain of species across the latitudinal gradient. Lock and Dam 19 does not appear to be a clear transition point in the river's fish community, although it may function as a meaningful barrier for particular species (e.g., invasive species) and warrant future attention from a management perspective.     

Sediment storage and shallow groundwater response to beaver dam analogues in the Colorado Front Range,USA

Enthusiasm for using beaver dam analogues (BDAs) to restore incised channels and riparian corridors has been increasing. BDAs are expected to create a similar channel response to natural beaver dams by causing channel bed aggradation and overbank flow, which subsequently raise water tables and support vegetation growth. However, lack of funding for monitoring projects post‐restoration has limited research on whether BDAs actually cause expected channel change in the Front Range and elsewhere. Geomorphic and hydrologic response to BDAs was monitored in two watersheds 1 year post‐restoration. BDAs were studied at Fish Creek, a steep mountainous catchment, and Campbell Creek, a lower gradient piedmont catchment from May to October 2018. At each restoration site, the upstream‐ and downstream‐most BDAs were chosen for intensive study in comparison with unrestored reference reaches. Monitoring focused on quantifying sediment volumes in BDA ponds and recording changes to stream stage and riparian groundwater. Despite differences in physical basin characteristics, BDA pools at both sites stored similar volumes of sediment and stored more sediment than reference pools. Sediment storage is positively correlated to BDA height and pool surface area. However, BDAs did not have a significant influence on shallow groundwater. The lack of groundwater response proximal to BDAs could indicate that local watershed factors have a stronger influence on groundwater response than restoration design 1 year post‐restoration. Systematic, long‐term studies of channel and floodplain response to BDAs are needed to better understand how BDAs will influence geomorphology and hydrology.     

基于应力-渗流-损伤耦合模型的重力坝三维水力劈裂数值模拟

裂缝的高压水力劈裂是混凝土高坝安全评估的重要部分。目前,重力坝水力劈裂的数值模拟绝大多数是二维的,对于坝体上游面经常出现的竖直裂缝的三维水力劈裂的数值研究几乎为零。本文提出一种应力-渗流-损伤耦合模型,用于混凝土重力坝三维水力劈裂的模拟。采用该耦合模型,模拟了一个内置裂缝的圆柱体试件的水力劈裂,数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,验证了所提耦合模型的合理性。在此基础上,采用该耦合模型,进行了国内某混凝土重力坝三维水力劈裂的模拟,数值模拟得到的损伤区域与设计院根据安全监测实测结果得到的范围基本吻合。研究结果表明:本文耦合模型可以方便、有效地进行重力坝三维水力劈裂的模拟,评估表面裂缝的危险程度。     

国家自然科学基金项目（51769017、51969018）

针对现有碾压混凝土坝温度场预警多是基于单个测点进行分析这一不足,提出了利用多测点综合信息预警的模式和方法。采用概率原理对温度监测值的有序度和无序度进行了定义,基于投影追踪法,确定了各测点的权重分布;根据温度场有序到无序的演变规律,结合有序度和测点权重分布,构建了能描述碾压混凝土坝温度场有序性的权重熵;借助典型小概率原理,提出了碾压混凝土坝温度场预警准则。实例分析表明：权重熵的变化规律与温度实测值变化规律相吻合,从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于计算机仿真的堆石坝坝面流水施工方案研究

根据流水施工的基本原理和堆石坝填筑的施工特点，利用计算机仿真技术对堆石坝施工交通运输系统进行模拟，考虑了堆石坝土石方挖运对其坝面流水施工的影响，合理确定出坝面流水施工方案，使其既能够满足施工进度所要求的填筑强度，又能够保证各分区可以进行流水施工。     

复杂坝基条件下面板堆石坝应力应变分析

该文主要针对基岩坝基中含有软弱夹层、深槽的面板堆石坝,结合工程实例,采用三维有限元对面板堆石坝进行应力及变形分析,以探讨坝基处理方案的可靠性,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

塑性混凝土防渗墙与防渗土工膜联合应用分析研究

该文主要是通过朝面山水库防渗设计采用塑性混凝土防渗墙与防渗土工膜结合使用,根据模型计算分析可知,该方案防渗效果较好,是可行的、有效的防渗措施,可在水库加固中加以推广。     

茂名石化工业渠用水管理现状及建议

南盛拦河坝及工业引水渠是高州水库灌区的供水配套工程,因历史原因造成由企业用水户管理维护。目前管理单位只管工程及引水,不进行用水计量与水帐结算;水利部门只管供水总量,不管工程,导致无法统一协调供水、工程效能下降、水费扯皮难收、责权利不统一等问题。建议将南盛拦河坝及工业渠归口水利部门管理,真正实现水资源和水利工程统一调度、综合治理,实现高效节约用水。     

土石坝坝基覆盖层动力特性参数试验研究

采用室内动力特性试验和现场剪切波速测试,对某水电站土石坝坝基各土层最大剪切模量进行了分析。其中现场剪切波速测试分别采用了单孔法和跨孔法,共获得4组剪切模量随深度变化的曲线,分析表明,4组曲线的变化规律一致,即随深度的增加,土体越密实,剪切模量总体趋势变大;数据的波动性也反应了土性差异对剪切模量的影响。文中还分土层分析了室内试验中的固结比取值、密度取值以及波速测试中土的不均匀性对波速测试和室内试验结果的影响,认为密度取值、土的不均匀性为主要影响因素,固结比为次要因素,试样制备中的密度取值越接近实际土层,所得到的室内试验值与现场测试值就越接近。