水利现代化对广西蔗糖业发展的影响分析

广西是糖料蔗主产区,目前正大力推进高产高糖糖料蔗基地建设,水利现代化建设是其中的重要内容。系统分析水利现代化对蔗糖产业的影响,并就加快蔗区水利现代化建设提出了建议。     

某长距离管道输水工程连通管设计

介绍连通管设计原理,结合某长距离重力流输水管道输水工程的特点,简述该工程管道连通管设计方案要点。方案实施后,经检验:其连通管设置数量及位置合适,满足运行的要求。     

“北水南调工程”的警示与应对策略

在分析我国南方和北方地区之间粮食调运与虚拟水流动量变化的基础上,指出粮食虚拟水"北水南调工程"引起了一系列潜在的危机:加剧了北方地区的水资源压力,威胁国家粮食安全并拉大了南方和北方地区的经济差距。结合我国粮食生产用水技术水平与节水农业发展现状,提出应对上述潜在危机的建议:1强化政府宏观调控职能,挖掘农业节水潜力。尽快启动研究实施国家粮食生产用水补偿奖惩制度,挖掘农业节水潜力,缓解北方地区粮食生产水资源压力。2引入市场机制,大力发展现代节水农业。尽快研究出台相关政策,鼓励并支持节水企业投资建设和经营管理节水农业工程,充分调动多方资源,促进节水农业发展,保障国家粮食安全。     

Links between type E botulism outbreaks, lake levels, and surface water temperatures in Lake Michigan, 1963-2008

Relationships between large-scale environmental factors and the incidence of type E avian botulism outbreaks in Lake Michigan were examined from 1963 to 2008. Avian botulism outbreaks most frequently occurred in years with low mean annual water levels, and lake levels were significantly lower in outbreak years than in non-outbreak years. Mean surface water temperatures in northern Lake Michigan during the period when type E outbreaks tend to occur (July through September) were significantly higher in outbreak years than in non-outbreak years. Trends in fish populations did not strongly correlate with botulism outbreaks, although botulism outbreaks in the 1960s coincided with high alewife abundance, and recent botulism outbreaks coincided with rapidly increasing round goby abundance. Botulism outbreaks occurred cyclically, and the frequency of outbreaks did not increase over the period of record. Climate change scenarios for the Great Lakes predict lower water levels and warmer water temperatures. As a consequence, the frequency and magnitude of type E botulism outbreaks in the Great Lakes may increase.     

南水北调南干渠工程穿越风险地段的施工方法

南水北调南干渠Ⅲ标需要全段穿越大兴灌渠、桥墩、垃圾坑以及二元地质结构地层等风险地段,施工难度大.施工中采取了铺设土工膜、现浇混凝土方涵导流、加密钢格栅等方法,安全地穿越了风险地段.     

浅谈渠道粘土填筑施工工艺及质量控制

南水北调中线河南安阳段主要工程为渠道粘土填筑,工程量大,动用设备多.施工中采用了良好的施工工艺及质量控制方法,既节省了设备的投入和使用,又保证了工程的进度和质量.     

南水北调中线工程冬季输水冰情的数值模拟

南水北调中线工程总干渠是由明渠和各种过水建筑物组成的树状系统,特点是线路长、过水建筑物类型多、冰水动力学响应过程复杂。本文将冰情发展模型与树状明渠系统复杂内边界条件下的渠道非恒定流模型进行集成耦合,开发了大型长距离调水工程冬季输水冰情数值模拟平台,提出了树状明渠系统复杂内边界条件的等效变换方法和计算冰盖前缘动态发展的虚拟流动法。根据实测的沿线气象资料和设计资料,利用该平台系统模拟了在寒冷气温条件下总干渠初冰、冰盖形成、发展和消融过程。分析了冬季输水的冰情特性及冰期输水能力,提出了冰期安全运行的水力控制条件,通过对典型年总干渠敞流期、冰盖形成期、稳封期、调度期以及开河全过程的模拟,给出了安全运行输水调度方案及建议。     

Evaporation from Lake Superior: 1. Physical controls and processes

The surface energy balance of Lake Superior was measured using the eddy covariance method at a remote, offshore site at 0.5-h intervals from June 2008 through November 2010. Pronounced seasonal patterns in the surface energy balance were observed, with a five-month delay between maximum summer net radiation and maximum winter latent and sensible heat fluxes. Late season (winter) evaporation and sensible heat losses from the lake typically occurred in two- to three-day-long events, and were associated with significant release of stored heat from the lake. The majority of the evaporative heat loss (70-88%) and sensible heat loss (97-99%) occurred between October and March, with 464 mm (2008-2009) and 645 mm (2009-2010) of evaporative water loss occurring over the water year starting October 1. Evaporation was proportional to the horizontal wind speed, inversely proportional to the ambient vapor pressure, and was well described by the ratio of wind speed to vapor pressure. This ratio remained relatively constant between the two water years, so the differences in evaporative water loss between years were largely associated with differences in lake surface conditions (e.g. water temperature, ice cover, and ice duration). Since late-season water temperature decline is driven by evaporative and sensible heat loss, the potential for a negative feedback mechanism between evaporation and ice cover is discussed.     

大伙房输水工程取水头部竖井高边坡稳定分析 与加固处理方法

主要介绍了大伙房输水(二期)工程,取水头部竖井开挖过程中,针对实际地质状况,对高边坡 稳定性进行详细分析,采取了灌浆、支护等加固处理措施,边坡稳定监测结果表明,加固效果较好。     

节水型社会建设与用水效率控制

在综合分析区域水资源特点、水资源承载能力、用水水平与效率及产业结构调整和水价等影响因素的基础上,提出了工业、农业和生活等方面的节水潜力.以提高水资源利用效率和效益为核心,根据我国不同地区的自然特点、水资源条件、经济社会发展和生态环境保护及其对水资源高效利用的要求,研究提出全国节水型社会建设的目标与任务,确定了不同区域用水效率控制红线,制定了全国节水战略与布局,提出了工业、农业和城镇生活等重点领域节水对策措施.按照量水而行、以水定发展的原则,因地制宜确定不同区域节水型社会建设的重点和方向.