环太湖体育圈健身与休闲服务体系的构架研究

本文运用文献法、实地考查法对环太湖体育圈健身与休闲服务体系若干问题进行分析研究,分析了构建环太湖健身服务体系的提出背景,对环太湖健身服务体系框架进行综合描述;对环太湖健身服务体系的存在的问题进行了分析并且提供对策,为使其良性发展提供借鉴,同时为《全民健身计划纲要》第二期工程在环太湖地区顺利开展提供参考。     

Microbial Concentrations in Sand and their Effect on Beach Water in Door County,Wisconsin

The seasonal variations and patterns of Escherichia coli in Wisconsin's coastal waters have been closely studied in recent years due to increased beach monitoring activities. Patterns of distribution of the indicator organism, E. coli, in the sand at these beaches are now being investigated as a source of E. coli to adjacent beach water. This project investigates the concentrations of E. coli in beach sand, and the relationship between these sand-microbe concentrations and concentrations of microbes in the corresponding beach water. Weekly sampling of upshore, swash, and submerged sand at six beaches provided numbers of the indicator bacteria in each beach's sand substrate for two consecutive summers. Overall concentrations of E. coli were highest in the swash sand of the beach, with the highest numbers seen in the summer months and lowest numbers in the winter months. Each location had very different concentrations of E. coli in the beach sand from 1,800 CFU/100 g to 21,670 CFU/100 g sand. Each location had a very different relationship between the indicator organism found in the beach sand and that found in the beach water. These data suggest that sand may be a reservoir for E. coli at some locations, and another source of contamination that should be considered in beach monitoring programs. However, elevated levels of E. coli in beach sand were not universal and varied greatly from location to location.     

Assessment of heavy metals in sediments and aquatic organisms in West Lake (Ho Tay), Hanoi, Vietnam

West Lake (Ho Tay) is the largest freshlake in Hanoi, Vietnam. It has a surface area of ≈ 500 ha and a total volume of >10⁷ m³, and is 1–3.5 m in depth. West Lake has been classified as needing protection because of its valuable freshwater genetic resources. Noting that it has been extensively affected by pollution, the objective of the present study was to examine the extent of heavy metal contamination of the sediments and commercially important biota in the lake. Heavy metal concentrations in the sediment from most of 24 samples in West Lake exceeded the Ontario Ministry of Environment Screening Level for chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. Aquatic organisms from the lake also were found to be contaminated by heavy metals. The average Zn concentrations in snails and mussels tissues ranged between 174 and 415 µg g⁻¹, and the Pb concentrations between 3.5 and 5.2 µg g⁻¹. The Cu concentration in shrimp (52 µg g⁻¹) and snail (189 µg g⁻¹), and the Pb concentration in all fish species and shrimp from the lake (2.0–5.2 µg g⁻¹) exceeded the Food Standard Australia‐New Zealand (FSANZ) health standards for human consumption. The Cd concentration in Cyprinus carpio also exceeded the FSANZ standard. The implications of these study findings for the effective management of the food and ecological resources of West Lake are discussed.     

Lake Toba: Need for an integrated management system

Lake Toba is the largest year‐round lake in South‐East Asia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. The Lake Toba catchment area faces an environmental crisis characterized by widespread deforestation, drought, decline of the water level, water quality degradation, invasive species and loss of biological diversity. More than half of the Lake Toba catchment area is classified as land at high erosion risk. Widespread poverty gives people little room to think beyond day‐to‐day needs and is an instrument for unsustainable methods of fishing and growing food. The Lake Toba catchment area is not managed as an integrated whole, but rather as four separate districts. Guidelines and orders tend to come from the government in Jakarta rather than being developed locally with stakeholder involvement. Differences in approach between government and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have resulted in friction and mistrust between the two. Local, national and international NGOs have been the biggest contributors to increasing the awareness of the need for an integrated approach to managing the lake. Technical exchanges with Lake Champlain have facilitated an exchange of experience of managing a large lake watershed, the transfer of low‐cost alternative technologies for managing waste water in small communities and development of new approaches to pulp and paper mills on both lakes. The Lake Toba Heritage Foundation’s priorities include establishing a research and monitoring programme, creating a science and education centre, and developing better coordination among central, provincial and district levels of government.     

水阳江中游南漪湖治理控制工程方案选定

水阳江流域上游山区暴雨集中，洪峰流量大，经常超过中下游河道的安全泄量。按照流域规划要求，水阳江综合治理主要措施是上游建库蓄洪，中游建闸控制蓄洪，下游清障开卡。南漪湖是水阳江中游最大的调蓄湖泊。在北山河马山埠和双桥河口分别建闸控制洪水，同时封堵油榨沟河，是解决中游洪水的切实可行的、合理的工程方案。     

洞庭湖响水坎跌水碍航险滩整治方法研究

响水坎跌水严重碍航,是洞庭湖区急待整治的重点滩险,类似滩险在国内外湖区中均极其少见。本文采用遥感地质分析方法与水动力演变分析方法分析洞庭湖草尾河响水坎滩险成因。分析结果表明:地层岩性与沉积厚度的突变、构造单元分布等地质因素是导致响水坎原始河床跌坎形成的内在原因;原始跌坎存在是出现跌水的前提,河湖边界及来水来沙变化是跌水存在的外在条件,水文组合决定了滩险是否碍航。在对跌水滩险形成原因正确认识的基础上,提出了采用超长距离变底坡加局部拓宽疏浚挖槽的航道整治方案,整治工程实施后的实测资料分析表明,整治是成功的。     

An Assessment of Tourism’s Environmental Impact on the Lake Bosomtwe Basin

Using information from interviews with key stakeholders and secondary sources, this article assessed whether Lake Bosomtwe tourism development has negatively impacted its ecology and, if so, what can be done to mitigate the impact. The evidence showed that despite the increase in awareness of the need to protect the lake environment, far greater abuses of the ecology are endemic for two reasons—the mismatch between knowledge and practice of ecologically sustainable tourism development, and the omission from the calculus of the influences that segments of the tourism supply chain have on one another to encourage more environmentally responsible tourism.     

基于土地利用变化的洱海流域生态系统服务价值评估与变化分析

基于土地利用数据,分析了2010—2015年洱海流域土地利用演变特征、生态系统服务价值变化特征以及人类活动对生态系统格局及服务价值变化的影响。结果表明:(1)洱海流域土地利用类型主要由生态用地向非生态用地转移,其中城镇扩张明显,而生态用地面积有所减少。(2)洱海流域主要生态系统服务类型为调节服务,生态系统服务总价值由2010年的656.03亿元增加至2015年的709.40亿元,增长率为8.14%。(3)洱海流域生态系统格局及服务价值变化主要驱动因素为生态建设工程、城镇扩张和农业开发等人类活动,其中对生态系统及其价值变化的正向影响(54.01%)大于负面影响(45.99%)。