Business incubation models and institutionally void environments

This paper builds a conceptual framework of business incubation models in institutionally void environments, a relevant yet understudied topic in the extant literature. On the basis of a qualitative approach based on the analysis of five case studies drawn from a sample of business incubators in Egypt, and grounding on the literature on institutional voids, we posit that there is a necessity for two different incubation models in institutional laggard environments, typically found in, yet not limited to, developing countries. In particular, we show evidence that the two models supply and facilitate different needs of entrepreneurs, in different stages of entrepreneurial life cycle. We further argue that the incubation model choice is contingent on the incubator sponsors, i.e. affiliation of the incubator, mainly through available resources and imposed objectives. Finally, we offer implications for policy makers who can use the framework to design the regulations in a way that will stimulate appropriate incubator creation and hence sustain local entrepreneurship, as well as for incubator managers who can follow the findings to position their incubation model in line with their resources, capabilities and objectives.     

Understanding the effects of river regulation on Atlantic salmon fry: The importance of channel morphology

River regulation influences hydrological regime, channel hydraulics, and habitat quality for freshwater biota. Environmental flow assessments typically require river managers to incorporate the requirements of different freshwater species and life stages in designing discharge regimes. However, these requirements can often conflict or be poorly quantified. There is therefore increasing interest in adaptive management whereby the ecological effects of changing flow regime can be monitored and assessed. This study investigated the effects of flow regulation on Atlantic salmon fry below an impoundment. The flow regime incorporated a compensation flow with an atypical seasonal profile where higher discharges were released in the summer than autumn and a spring high flow (freshet) to facilitate downstream migration of smolts through the dam. Saturation stocking and electrofishing were combined with hydraulic and habitat models to predict the effects of discharge on habitat quality and standardized fry densities. The discharge at which the highest standardized fry densities were observed varied depending on reach morphology, particularly channel roughness. Low fry survival was consistent with predictions of consistently low habitat quality during the spring freshet. Fish locations observed during electrofishing were not always consistent with contemporary flows and may reflect the influence of antecedent flows and high site fidelity. The combination of saturation stocking, hydraulic, and habitat models provides a valuable approach for assessing the effects of regulation. It is recommended that future freshets operate at night, that uninterrupted periods of high flow are avoided during the spring, and that compensation flows reflect natural seasonal patterns.     

Custom Publishing

Abstract

The field of “custom communications” is a growing multi-billion dollar market. Custom publishing of magazines and books is a significant segment of the pie, proving the continuing value of print for creating stronger bonds with customers. This article describes a variety of applications for custom publishing in marketing products and services, with important implications for the promotional products industry. The author, who has ghost-written a book for a small advertising agency, focuses on the high potential for specialized magazines and well-written books that target an audience accurately. Included is cogent advice to promotional products professionals on how to go about creating an effective custom publication.     

汾河水库及其上游水质状况及治理保护对策研究

文中对汾河水库及其干流上游的水环境质量变化趋势进行了概要性评价，分析了引黄水进入汾河前后水质变化情况，并据此提出了针对性的保护措施和水体生态修复的技术方案。     

雅鲁藏布江彭错林至塔玛河段新构造运动及对工程的影响

在对雅鲁藏布江中上游河段的规划中，发现彭错林至塔玛约50km河段两岸无阶地发育，而两岸的洪积扇却十分发育，并连片延伸至河床形成库岸，说明该河段地壳在早期的Q1-Q3时期一直处于上升状态，至Q3之后处于下降状态。在塔玛坝址的钻孔中，孔深至121m也未揭穿覆盖层，说明该河段地壳自Q3之后Q4以来一直处于下降状态。另外在工程区分布有多条断裂带，沿断裂带多有地震和温泉分布。以上说明规划河段内及周边的新构造运动十分活跃，对工程有一定影响。     

基于"RS"和"GIS"的黑河中游调水前后生态环境影响研究

黑河中游调水和近期治理中游生态环境产生一系列影响,结合遥感技术对中游生态环境进行评价,采用模糊综合分析法模型对中游生态环境指标综合评价。     

U型河段三面临空变形体稳定性分析

以某水电站F3,F9断层上盘变形体为对象,开展了U形河段三面临空变形体稳定性分析。首先从变形体的形态特征和地质条件入手,对其形成机制和运动趋势进行了初步分析;其次,根据潜在的滑移趋势,选取了2个代表性剖面,采用有限元方法计算了代表性剖面在3种工况下的破坏区域,通过对比分析破坏面积发现变形体沿代表性剖面1方向的稳定性较好,而沿代表性剖面2的较差;最后,采用刚体极限平衡法(M-P)和有限元应力法对代表性剖面2进行抗滑稳定计算,结果表明,在各种工况下,变形体抗滑稳定均能满足工程要求。通过研究F3,F9断层上盘变形体的稳定性,探讨了变形体稳定性分析的新思路,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

黄河宁夏河段河道演变及其影响因素分析

通过对黄河宁夏河段下河沿、青铜峡和石嘴山三个水文站的水文泥沙资料的分析,初步揭示了水库修建及其运用方式对下游河道冲淤变化的影响。结合上述站点的河道大断面及加密断面的形态变化,得出黄河宁夏河段河道冲淤变化在银川平原的砂质辫状河段最剧烈,在青铜峡大坝下游不长的砂砾质辫状河段相对强烈,而在青铜峡大坝以上的卵石质辫状河段不明显。河相系数与水力半径的关系式表明:宁夏河段的河相系数主要取决于水力半径,而水力半径取决于断面平均流速,即黄河宁夏河段的河道演变取决于过水断面平均流速。     

长江下游感潮河段设计通航水位计算方法比较

用JTJ214-2000《内河航道与港口水文规范》和JTJ213-98《海港水文规范》这两种不同规范的方法分别计算长江下游感潮河段设计最高和最低通航水位,并对计算结果进行了对比分析,发现南京和江阴是设计通航水位选择规范方法时两个重要的分界点.同时还对感潮河段在计算设计通航水位时所需样本年限问题进行了探讨.研究结果表明,感潮河段设计通航水位方法的选取以及所需样本年限的长短与其距河口的距离有密切关系.