The water footprints of Morocco and the Netherlands: Global water use as a result of domestic consumption of agricultural commodities

The volume of international trade in agricultural commodities is increasing faster than the global volume of production, which is an indicator of growing international dependencies in the area of food supply. Although less obvious, it also implies growing international dependencies in the field of water supply. By importing food, countries also import water in virtual form. The aim of the paper is to assess the water footprints of Morocco, a semi-arid/arid country, and the Netherlands, a humid country. The water footprint of a country is defined as the volume of water used for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The internal water footprint is the volume of water used from domestic water resources; the external water footprint is the volume of water used in other countries to produce goods and services imported and consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The study shows that both Morocco and the Netherlands import more water in virtual form (in the form of water-intensive agricultural commodities) than they export, which makes them dependent on water resources elsewhere in the world. The water footprint calculations show that Morocco depends for 14% on water resources outside its own borders, while the Netherlands depend on foreign water resources for 95%. It is shown that international trade can result in global water saving when a water-intensive commodity is traded from an area where it is produced with high water productivity to an area with lower water productivity. If Morocco had to domestically produce the products that are now imported from the Netherlands, it would require 780 million m³/year. However, the imported products from the Netherlands were actually produced with only 140 million m³/year, which implies a global water saving of 640 million m³/year.     

论先锋小说的崛起及其艺术影响

先锋小说是在对传统现实主义创作精神和艺术手法的反叛中确立自己的先锋性地位的。它的崛起与存在主义、后现代主义、后现代小说、现代叙事理论尤其是结构主义文学理论在国内的引入密切相关。先锋小说或多或少地表现出后现代倾向与后现代性，贯穿于其中的理论观念，则是西方形式主义的艺术情结：小说形式、语言的文体实验。先锋小说对“真实性”的重新体认，使被意识形态遮蔽的人性侧面得到深入揭示。     

关于我国企业供应链管理的几个问题与对策思考

本文在分析制造业全球化动因的基础上,指出制造业全球化已成为不可逆转之势,企业要适应这一形势就必须采取相应对措,而供应链创新便是至关重要的一环。文中分析了制造业全球化形式下我国当前供应链管理存在的问题,探讨了我国制造业进行供应链创新的途径和方法。     

交换式虚拟局域网(VLAN)技术在校园网中的应用

本文阐述了局域网技术的发展和虚拟局域网（VLAN）技术的特点，着重介绍了虚拟局域网技术在校园网中的应用及配置方案，最后介绍了一运用VLAN技术的校园网实例。     

Virtual forms for the organization of production: A comparative analysis

In the present competitive environment, excellence in each phase of the productive process and flexibility are critical requirements in every business. Virtual enterprises have been proposed as an inter-organizational model characterized by both strong incentives to suppliers’ performance and high flexibility. Nonetheless, virtual enterprises are not ubiquitous as some suggest they should be. This paper compares virtual enterprises with other models for the organization of production: Markets, vertically integrated firms and networks. We formulate hypotheses that virtual enterprises are suitable for firms producing complex, modular products, with frequent changes in components, but low knowledge specificity. Virtual enterprises are suitable for a group of industries that is limited, but of growing importance.     

虚拟货币市场主体的规范与指引:基于反洗钱视角

当信息技术与互联网的高速发展,虚拟货币(virtual money)成为必不可少的网络小额支付手段.本文从虚拟货币的功能、特点以及现有相关法规入手,分析虚拟货币市场潜在的洗钱风险与常见的洗钱模式,在此基础之上,针对虚拟货币市场主体提出相关的对策与建议,目的在于规范虚拟货币市场,引导其向健康的方向发展.     

Developmental approaches to B2B virtual communities

This paper analyses the development approaches of four business-to-business (B2B) virtual communities (VCs) and compares them through use of a cross-case analysis. The study indicated that there is no “one size fits all” method for developing VCs and that a structured, rigorous development methodology based on academic research is required in order to successfully create and manage VCs. It also found that the main challenge in creating successful VCs is not that of developing them, but that of developing an engagement and contribution culture.     

神经网络技术在水处理工艺建模中的应用

应用数学方法和BP神经网络技术对水处理工艺建模进行研究,研究对象为哈尔滨市绍和水厂的原水水质、投药量与沉后水浊度之间的模型关系.在神经网络模型中,为了确保较好的建模效果,挑选代表不同水质特征的数据作为样本集,并采用提前停止法提高网络的推广能力.仿真试验证明与传统的数学模型相比,神经网络模型的建模效果更佳.     

实用运算放大器网络中的虚地性质

本文提出用一个理想电压控制电流源(VCCS)并接于嵌在一个倒相放大器电路中的实际运算放大器(OP.amp)输入端,虚地性质(VGP)可以扩展到使用的运算放大器单位增益带宽那样高的频率.文中给出用真正运算放大器的VCCS的实用电路.用互补变换法可得出非倒相放大电路图.     

交互式网络三维传感技术在水流动态模型中的应用

利用数字高程模型生成可交互的虚拟现实三维模型，将虚拟现实建模语言与Java脚本相结合，模拟了动态交互的三维河道水流场景。