三峡水库蓄水前后长江上游近期水沙变化趋势

受多种因素影响,近年来长江上游来沙量明显减少,这将对三峡水库的效益产生影响。本文首先用实测年径流量和年输沙量双累积曲线统计分析法及Spearman秩次相关检验分析了三峡上游来水来沙减少的事实,并统计得到了近期来水来沙量的相关关系,该关系可用于预测近期三峡水库的入库年沙量。然后研究了上游大中小水库群拦沙淤积对减沙的影响系数,α相关分析结果表明α与水库下游沿程距离L呈指数函数关系。     

板桥河水库大坝防渗工程建设管理与质量控制

板桥河水库除险加固工程成功与否，取决于大坝防渗工程是否达到设计要求，为此工程建设管理处始终把“质量是工程建设的生命线”贯穿于整个施工的全过程，加强工程管理，强化质量控制。     

溪洛渡拱坝陡坡坝段施工期温度应力仿真分析

溪洛渡拱坝是拟建的世界上最高的混凝土拱坝之一,由于陡坡坝段在施工期与运行期的受力状态均比较复杂,存在较大面积的应力集中分布。为恰当地选择温控措施,缓解基础约束应力,本文选取了4号、25号坝段作为冬季与夏季施工的代表,进行三维有限元仿真计算,得到了不同浇筑时间、不同分层方法下陡坡坝段的温度与温度徐变应力分布规律,并进行了几种可行温控措施的敏感性分析,为陡坡坝段采取合适温控措施提供依据。     

A neuro-fuzzy model for inflow forecasting of the Nile river at Aswan high dam

River flow forecasting is an essential procedure that is necessary for proper reservoir operation. Accurate forecasting results in good control of water availability, refined operation of reservoirs and improved hydropower generation. Therefore, it becomes crucial to develop forecasting models for river inflow. Several approaches have been proposed over the past few years based on stochastic modeling or artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In this article, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model is proposed to forecast the inflow for the Nile River at Aswan High Dam (AHD) on monthly basis. A major advantage of the fuzzy system is its ability to deal with imprecision and vagueness in inflow database. The ANFIS model divides the input space into fuzzy sub-spaces and maps the output using a set of linear functions. A historical database of monthly inflows at AHD recorded over the past 130 years is used to train the ANFIS model and test its performance. The performance of the ANFIS model is compared to a recently developed artificial neural networks (ANN) model. The results show that the ANFIS model was capable of providing higher inflow forecasting accuracy specially at extreme inflow events compared with that of the ANN model. It is concluded that the ANFIS model can be quite beneficial in water management of Lake Nasser reservoir at AHD.     

浅谈“抬田”措施在水库淹没处理中的应用

“抬田”措施能有效地解决水力资源开发与人口和土地的矛盾 ,大大降低库区淹没处理投资 实例表明 ,“抬田”措施具有广阔的前景     

张峰水库左坝肩防渗墙应力分析

山西张峰水利工程大坝左坝肩低液限粘土坝基上设有混凝土防渗墙,墙身深入坝体心墙内,该墙是坝体防渗的关键部位。通过非线性数值分析方法,对采用不同材料和施工工艺情况下,防渗墙的应力进行了分析,得出:采用塑性混凝土可以减小墙体应力,提高墙体的抗裂性能;在坝体不高的情况下,调整施工工艺,将先打防渗墙后筑坝改为先填筑坝体再进行防渗墙施工的工艺,更将大幅度减少墙体应力,提高防渗墙的抗裂性能,从而将提高大坝的防渗性能。     

黄河防凌预案中的刘家峡水库调度

水库调度是黄河防凌调度中最为重要的河段防凌手段之一。在黄河上游河段历年的黄河凌汛情况较为严重,通过对刘家峡水库在凌汛期间的水库调度来调节上游河段凌汛情况取得较好的效果。就近些年来刘家峡水库在黄河凌汛期的水库调度方法进行了归纳总结,力图使黄河凌汛期间的水库调度方法系统化,为黄河防凌中新的水库调度方法的探索寻求理论基础。     

Water quality assessment of a recently refilled reservoir: The case of Bütgenbach Reservoir, Belgium

Bütgenbach Reservoir is situated in the High Ardennes plateau in eastern Belgium (50°25′N; 6°13′E). It is used principally for flood control and for production of hydroelectric energy. It has been subjected to a previous series of studies because of its eutrophication problems and their impacts on the local economy. Bütgenbach Reservoir was emptied during spring 2004 for dam restoration, being refilled in mid‐September of the same year. Selected physicochemical and biological parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, inorganic and organic nutrients, chlorophyll‐a) were measured fortnightly during the lake's productive season (mid‐April to mid‐October 2005) at three sampling sites throughout the water column. The water quality conditions after refilling of the lake were compared to previous studies accomplished at the same sampling sites (prior to emptying the lake). The actual trophic status was mesotrophic to eutrophic, based on the combination of total phosphorous and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, as well as water transparency. Bütgenbach Reservoir generally exhibits good water quality, based on the French water quality system SEQ‐eau. A longitudinal decrease in water quality was observed from upstream to downstream, because mainly of the differences in lake bottom morphology and water residence time, and their impacts on nutrient distribution in the lake.     

饮用水源地沙河水库污染源调查与保护研究

通过对沙河水库水环境污染状况调查结果表明,沙河水库的主要污染为农业面源污染,在保护水库水生态环境的基础上,从政策法规、生态保护和污染治理等方面探讨了饮用水源地污染治理措施,指出制定水源地保护规划的重要意义,并对加强饮用水源地的环境管理提出建议。     

溪洛渡大坝混凝土特性及防裂措施

溪洛渡拱坝混凝土采用玄武岩粗骨料、灰岩细骨料,针对骨料特性,通过优化配合比、提高水泥要求以及外掺MgO等工程措施,有效地改善了混凝土的极限拉伸变形和自身体积变形,提高了混凝土的抗裂特性,保证了溪洛渡大坝混凝土的质量。