黑河干流中游地区耗水量变化的历史分析

黑河流域水资源极其匮乏，加之地区上的配置不均衡和中游地区水土资源的过度开发，导致黑河下游出现了严重的生态环境问题，已影响到我国北方广大地区生态环境质量，受到国家的高度重视和全社会的广泛关注。黑河水资源开发利用主要集中在中游地区，该区是全国重要的商品粮、蔬菜和经济作物生产基地之一，耗水量占流域耗水量的85％以上，是黑河的主要耗水区和径流利用区。利用黑河上游控制站莺落峡站和中游控制站正义峡站水文资料，分析了黑河中游耗水量的变化，结果表明：20世纪80年代以前黑河中游耗水量在4．4亿m^3左右，比较稳定；进入20世纪80年代以后，耗水量明显增加，80年代耗水量比70年代以前增加了1．97亿－2.49亿m^3;90年代耗水量又比80年代增加了1.64亿m^3左右；80年代以来流域耗水量呈明显增加的趋势，这是以人类活动影响为主的结果。     

黄浦江上游水源地突发性水污染事故应急处置预案探讨

阐述了水源地突发污染事件的概念、特点及其对于供水安全和城市经济社会系统安全运行的重要意义.论述了城市水源地突发污染事件应急研究的主要内容;以上海市黄浦江上游水源地为例,探讨了突发性污染事件应急处置体系的构建,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

1960年前黄河下游河槽淤积物粒径组成分析

利用1999年汛前深层钻孔取样资料和历年淤积实测大断面资料分析出1960年前无三门峡水库影响的“自然”水沙情况下,下游河道主槽淤积物中d≥0.1 mm以上泥沙占50.7%,比1960-1999年大30个百分点,这种泥沙在下游的淤积比高达83.1%,比0.05 mm以上泥沙的淤积比高39个百分点。指出应在黄河中游寻找出0.1 mm以上的粗泥沙集中来源区作为近期水土保持的重点区域。     

渭河流域水利水保措施减水减沙效益初步分析

截止1989年底,渭河流域共有水库361座,塘坝2666座,引水有效灌溉面积40.4万公顷,治理总面积8136km~2,治理度17.1％。以1970年为效益计算起始年,并将全流域划分为18个片,分别采用水文法和水保法计算1970～1989年间各项水利水保措施减水减沙量及综合减水减沙效益。水文法算得的综合减水效益为24.1％,减沙效益为30.6％;水保法算得的结果相应为29.9％和30.8％,两者相近。     

宁夏引黄灌区渠道防渗衬砌技术研究

对宁夏引黄灌区渠道防渗衬砌的形式、防渗衬砌效果、渠道防渗衬砌工程的技术指标、冻害特征、防治措施进行了综合应用分析与研究,提出了不同级别渠道适宜的衬砌形式、推广渠道防渗衬砌的技术要求,供灌区节水工程改造、渠道衬砌工程参考。     

长江中上游地区土壤人渗速率的空间分异研究

利用双套环法对长江中上游水土流失严重区的50个县（市）进行原他测试，对其典型土壤的稳渗速率及其影响因素进行了分析研究。结果表明：土壤稳渗速率在长江中上游地区呈现规律性的地域分异，四川盆地以及毕节地区是稳渗速率高值区，陕南和陇南地区、三峡库区以及丹江口库区足稳渗速率一般区，金沙江下游地区以及湘东赣南红壤丘陵区是稳渗速率低值区；上壤稳渗速率随土类发生有规律变化，黄壤系列土类最大，然后是石灰土、紫色土，红壤系列土类稳渗速率最小；土壤稳渗速率与质量密度呈负相关关系，与孔隙度、大于0．25mm风干土水稳性团粒含量、有机质含量以及粉／粘呈正相关关系。     

Applicability of the flood‐pulse concept in a temperate floodplain river ecosystem: thermal and temporal components

Annual growth increments were calculated for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) from the lower Mississippi River (LMR) to assess hypothesized relationships between fish growth and floodplain inundation as predicted by the Flood‐Pulse Concept. Variation in catfish growth increment was high for all age classes of both species, and growth increments were not consistently related to various measures of floodplain inundation. However, relationships became stronger, and usually direct, when water temperature was integrated with area and duration of floodplain inundation. Relationships were significant for four of six age classes for blue catfish, a species known to utilize floodplain habitats. Though similar in direction, relationships were weaker for flathead catfish, which is considered a more riverine species. Our results indicate the Flood‐Pulse Concept applies more strongly to temperate floodplain‐river ecosystems when thermal aspects of flood pulses are considered. We recommend that future management of the LMR should consider ways to ‘recouple’ the annual flood and thermal cycles. An adaptive management approach will allow further determination of important processes affecting fisheries production in the LMR. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型埽工--笼埽在黄河控导工程中的应用

介绍了新型埽工——笼埽的结构形式、施工方法，其优点为：(1)克服传统埽工施工工序复杂、速度慢、效率低的缺点；(2)笼埽可工厂化生产，减少现场作业工序和作业面后移；(3)充分利用大型施工机械进行大体积单个笼埽结合机械化施工，作埽速度快、强度高；(4)减少柳料用量，利于环境保护．结合在兰考蔡集控导工程水中进占工程中的应用，从施工准备、机械配合与人员安排及施工流程等方面对笼埽施工技术作进一步说明，并总结了施工注意事项．最后，进行了效益评价并提出了扩大技术应用范围和进行水槽实验的完善思路．     

Particulate organic matter transport in the lower Colorado river,South-Western USA

The lower Colorado River from Laughlin, Nevada, to the border with Mexico is one of the most regulated rivers in North America. An analysis of particulate organic matter (POM) transport through the system was made to determine POM concentrations, composition and point of origin, as well as to determine the effect dams had on this transport. Particulate organic matter concentrations generally increased from upstream to downstream, and were dominated by very fine organic detritus (< 25μm size fraction). Reservoirs released more POM than they received during spring and summer, but less during autumn and winter. Reservoirs recycled POM, taking in organic detritus and discharging small limnoplankton. Backwater complexes functioned as filters during storm events, trapping coarse material and releasing fine material. Agricultural drains made only minor contributions of POM, but provided important nutrients for in-channel production of POM. Water diversions forced POM off-channel, whereas sluicing operations reduced inorganic loads in the canals. Despite the presence of six mainstem dams, the lower reaches support a diverse assemblage of detritivorous fishes, similar to that found in the lowermost reaches of natural, unregulated rivers. The food base for this fishery stems from autochthonous production of POM.